WORLDWIDE
Home
/
Product Line
Agricultural equipment and farm implement, seedling tray, high pressure pesticide spray hand sprayer, seed sowing device
An Jarl Enterprise Co., Ltd strives to be one of the leading companies in Other Agricultural Implements, FJ series, seedling tray, mesh gardening and fencing net, high pressure hand sprayer, seed sowing device etc. worldwide. Also, we offer Other Agricultural Implements, FJ series, seedling tray, mesh gardening and fencing net, high pressure hand sprayer, seed sowing device etc. with high quality in Taiwan for many years. We have a team of knowledgeable people and a wide range of great quality performance Other Agricultural Implements, FJ series, seedling tray, mesh gardening and fencing net, high pressure hand sprayer, seed sowing device etc. products. We guarantee that no matter who you are, you are always welcome. If you have any questions about our products, please tell us.
Categories > Other Agricultural Implements, FJ series, seedling tray, mesh gardening and fencing net, high pressure hand sprayer, seed sowing device etc.
Butterfly Net Clip FJ-401
Butterfly Net Clip used to combine ropes and nets, or to join and extend 2 pieces of net
DEARDEER butterfly net clip
DEARDEER butterfly net clip is made from high-strength plastic materials and has been dealt with anti-UV treatment. It can withstand sunlight, has strong weather resistance, and can be used outdoors for a long time.
The butterfly net clip has 2 rectangle boards, spread out like butterfly wings. It can be used to combine ropes and nets, or to join and extend two nets, such as shading nets, insect-proof nets and other nets.
There are 3 semicircular protruding connecting between 2 rectangle boards. 3 semicircular will form the circular space after being folded. If the net needs to be combined with the rope, just wrap the net around the rope, place it in the semicircular space of the butterfly net clip, and fold the 2 rectangle boards.
The protruding tenons on the upper surface of one rectangle board pierces the net and aligns it with the corresponding holes of the other rectangle board. After the 2 rectangle boards are tightly closed, the rope and the net can be clamped and combined. Using pliers to help press the 2 rectangle boards together will save effort and work smoother and faster.
After the tenons of one rectangle board is combined with the corresponding holes of the other rectangle board, the tip protruding from the holes can be flattened with pliers and riveted on the holes, so that the 2 rectangle boards of the butterfly net clip are not to detach.
Similarly, to join and extend 2 nets, overlap the edges of 2 nets in the middle of 2 rectangle boards, and fold 2 boards in the same way.
If the edges of the 2 pieces of net overlap and wrap the rope, and then clamp it with a butterfly net clip, the joint of the net will be tighter.
DEARDEER butterfly net clip is made from high-strength plastic materials and has been dealt with anti-UV treatment. It can withstand sunlight, has strong weather resistance, and can be used outdoors for a long time.
The butterfly net clip has 2 rectangle boards, spread out like butterfly wings. It can be used to combine ropes and nets, or to join and extend two nets, such as shading nets, insect-proof nets and other nets.
There are 3 semicircular protruding connecting between 2 rectangle boards. 3 semicircular will form the circular space after being folded. If the net needs to be combined with the rope, just wrap the net around the rope, place it in the semicircular space of the butterfly net clip, and fold the 2 rectangle boards.
The protruding tenons on the upper surface of one rectangle board pierces the net and aligns it with the corresponding holes of the other rectangle board. After the 2 rectangle boards are tightly closed, the rope and the net can be clamped and combined. Using pliers to help press the 2 rectangle boards together will save effort and work smoother and faster.
After the tenons of one rectangle board is combined with the corresponding holes of the other rectangle board, the tip protruding from the holes can be flattened with pliers and riveted on the holes, so that the 2 rectangle boards of the butterfly net clip are not to detach.
Similarly, to join and extend 2 nets, overlap the edges of 2 nets in the middle of 2 rectangle boards, and fold 2 boards in the same way.
If the edges of the 2 pieces of net overlap and wrap the rope, and then clamp it with a butterfly net clip, the joint of the net will be tighter.
Comparative Leaf Colors Key Ring FJ-901
Leaf colors comparative key ring for rice or other crops Nitrogen content test
4 green sheets from No. 2 to No. 4 to compare the leaf color to judge the Nitrogen content of leaf. Depend on the judgement to determinate how to adjust the nutrient or fertilization. The 4 sheets link together as a key ring makes it easy to carry.
The relation between leaf color and nitrogen fertilizer
The color of crop leaves and nitrogen fertilizer amount are closely related.
Nitrogen fertilizer is low, leaves become yellow green. Conversely, when nitrogen fertilizer is high, the leaves become dark green.
In practice, we can refer IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) to compare the leaves color with the Leaf color plates.
This is a simple assistant tool you can objectively compare the colors to aid identification of leaf color shades.
Leaf color plates simulate different shades of leaf color. Leaf color plates from yellow to dark green is divided into four different grades, these grades are specify the value as 2,3,4,5.
Color value from 2 to 5, leaf nitrogen content increased, also shows the amount of leaf nutrient supply within the gradual accumulation.
Use of leaf color plates to compare leaf color, you can then judged the nutritional status of the plant.
How to use Leaf Color Plates
1. In rice tillering and panicle initiation stage, which is the second top-dressing and ear manuring ago, in the rice fields selected at random 10 or more, not infected rice plants inaba.
2. Per plant rice inaba, to select the top, has been fully expanded leaves. View the middle part to match leaf color plates.
3. At the outdoors shade where the sun does not shine directly, let the front of leaf toward you for leaf identification. Identify the value compared to leaf color plates (different color density value from 2 to 5). Do not directly observe both under the sun, so as to avoid light reflection and affect the accuracy of identification of leaves.
4. Record 10 leaves value (if the color is located between 2 value and difficult to determine, you can use decimals), calculated the average value of 10 leaves. You can understand the overall nutritional status of this area, to determine how to fertilize.
5. Color identification should consider the ambient light intensity avoid direct sunlight or artificial lighting for identification, so as to avoid errors.
The interpretation of the average rice leaves color and Fertilization
Note: The value of rice leaf color rendering due to cultivar, growth stage and cultivation environments differ.
A. In case of japonica leaf color in the late stages average 3.5 ( leaf color darker than the value 3, but not dark as value 4 ) , leaf color is normal , showing rice plants nourished , according the usual amount of fertilizer applied .
B. When the average leaf color is in value 3, means slightly less nutritious rice plants. Can be increased the amount of nitrogen than usual, in order to promote rice growth.
C. When the average leaf color below value 3 (namely leaf color yellow than value 3), the rice plants is malnutrition, immediately increased fertilizer to add nutrients to promote normal growth of rice.
D. When the average leaf color is value 4, it means the plant nitrogen content slightly higher than the suitable dosage. We should reduced proportion of nitrogen. The varieties which easy lodging, should be more reduced nitrogen, or even no nitrogen fertilizer to prevent leggy rice plants, causing lodging.
E. When the average leaf color is value 5 (the darkest green), the rice plants have excess nutrients, it is recommended not to fertilization. Avoid plants lodging or induced pests that seriously affect grain yield and grain quality.
Other crops if you want to use these leaf plates, on the interpretation to the grade of average leaves color, as well as fertilization measures. We must to pay attention to the difference with rice. Crop types, growth stages and different culture environment will cause differences.
Moreover, sampling timing, the sample selection, the position of the leaf to identify, according to different crops, necessary adjustments are very important.
Of course, to avoid causing errors, precautions, identify and compare methods must surely according to standard procedures.
Leaf plate is to provide a fixed color, avoid memory errors. But the interpretation must to depend on the correct knowledge of different crop characteristics.
The relation between leaf color and nitrogen fertilizer
The color of crop leaves and nitrogen fertilizer amount are closely related.
Nitrogen fertilizer is low, leaves become yellow green. Conversely, when nitrogen fertilizer is high, the leaves become dark green.
In practice, we can refer IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) to compare the leaves color with the Leaf color plates.
This is a simple assistant tool you can objectively compare the colors to aid identification of leaf color shades.
Leaf color plates simulate different shades of leaf color. Leaf color plates from yellow to dark green is divided into four different grades, these grades are specify the value as 2,3,4,5.
Color value from 2 to 5, leaf nitrogen content increased, also shows the amount of leaf nutrient supply within the gradual accumulation.
Use of leaf color plates to compare leaf color, you can then judged the nutritional status of the plant.
How to use Leaf Color Plates
1. In rice tillering and panicle initiation stage, which is the second top-dressing and ear manuring ago, in the rice fields selected at random 10 or more, not infected rice plants inaba.
2. Per plant rice inaba, to select the top, has been fully expanded leaves. View the middle part to match leaf color plates.
3. At the outdoors shade where the sun does not shine directly, let the front of leaf toward you for leaf identification. Identify the value compared to leaf color plates (different color density value from 2 to 5). Do not directly observe both under the sun, so as to avoid light reflection and affect the accuracy of identification of leaves.
4. Record 10 leaves value (if the color is located between 2 value and difficult to determine, you can use decimals), calculated the average value of 10 leaves. You can understand the overall nutritional status of this area, to determine how to fertilize.
5. Color identification should consider the ambient light intensity avoid direct sunlight or artificial lighting for identification, so as to avoid errors.
The interpretation of the average rice leaves color and Fertilization
Note: The value of rice leaf color rendering due to cultivar, growth stage and cultivation environments differ.
A. In case of japonica leaf color in the late stages average 3.5 ( leaf color darker than the value 3, but not dark as value 4 ) , leaf color is normal , showing rice plants nourished , according the usual amount of fertilizer applied .
B. When the average leaf color is in value 3, means slightly less nutritious rice plants. Can be increased the amount of nitrogen than usual, in order to promote rice growth.
C. When the average leaf color below value 3 (namely leaf color yellow than value 3), the rice plants is malnutrition, immediately increased fertilizer to add nutrients to promote normal growth of rice.
D. When the average leaf color is value 4, it means the plant nitrogen content slightly higher than the suitable dosage. We should reduced proportion of nitrogen. The varieties which easy lodging, should be more reduced nitrogen, or even no nitrogen fertilizer to prevent leggy rice plants, causing lodging.
E. When the average leaf color is value 5 (the darkest green), the rice plants have excess nutrients, it is recommended not to fertilization. Avoid plants lodging or induced pests that seriously affect grain yield and grain quality.
Other crops if you want to use these leaf plates, on the interpretation to the grade of average leaves color, as well as fertilization measures. We must to pay attention to the difference with rice. Crop types, growth stages and different culture environment will cause differences.
Moreover, sampling timing, the sample selection, the position of the leaf to identify, according to different crops, necessary adjustments are very important.
Of course, to avoid causing errors, precautions, identify and compare methods must surely according to standard procedures.
Leaf plate is to provide a fixed color, avoid memory errors. But the interpretation must to depend on the correct knowledge of different crop characteristics.
Fencing Net FJ-501
PE Plastic Mesh for Construction Barrier Netting, Chicken Mesh, Durable and Lightweight Fencing, Roll Wire Frame, Floral Netting Crafts, Gardening Poultry Fencing
Hexagon Plastic Mesh: A Versatile Netting- for Construction Barrier Netting, Chicken Mesh, Durable and Lightweight Fencing, Roll Wire Frame, Floral Netting Crafts, Gardening Poultry Fencing
Hexagon plastic mesh, also known as plastic net fence, is a grid-like structure composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Its lightweight nature, coupled with impressive strength and beautiful hexagonal structure, makes it a favored choice in various industries. This material remains unaffected by solvents, chemicals, and the corrosive effects of soil and seawater, rendering it an excellent choice for substitute metal applications.
In the realm of construction, agriculture, various industrial domains and many other applications, this versatile material - hexagon plastic mesh has made its mark. This mesh serves a multitude of purposes, from safeguarding crops to slopes protection.
Colors
Our hexagon plastic mesh is available in various colors, with black, green being the standard options. However, white and customization is also an option, allowing you to choose the perfect hue for your specific needs.
Specifications
When considering plastic mesh for your projects, it's essential to grasp the significance of specifications:
• Mesh Size: The size of the mesh openings is denoted by numbers. The larger the number, the smaller the openings. For instance, #1 has openings measuring 45x60mm, while #12 features tiny 2x3mm openings.
• Wire Thickness: The wire thickness is inversely proportional to the mesh size. Larger mesh sizes have thicker wire, while smaller mesh sizes feature thinner wires.
• Width and Length: Plastic mesh comes in various width specifications, including 90cm, 120cm, 150cm, 180cm, 240cm, and 300cm. Its length typically extends to 30 meters per roll. Other widths and lengths are customized.
Grading the Quality
We classified hexagon plastic mesh into three grades based on its material, thickness and durability:
• Super Grade: This grade represents the most durable and highest-quality plastic mesh. It is crafted from virgin materials and can endure for more than a decade. It is available in #3, #6, and #8 mesh sizes.
• A Grade: A Grade plastic mesh is characterized by its high strength, making it suitable for medium to long-term use, typically spanning 5 to 10 years.
• B Grade: B Grade plastic mesh is thinner and designed for short-term use, lasting approximately 3 to 5 years. Used in situations where it is not necessary to withstand large tensile forces.
Endless Applications
One of the remarkable features of hexagon plastic mesh is its versatility. It finds application in a wide array of industries, including:
Agriculture, Fisheries, and Animal Husbandry
• Crop Protection: Hexagon plastic mesh is used to protect crops from wind and other environmental factors.
• Aquaculture: It plays a crucial role in fish farming, creating safe, efficient shed shelves and enclosures.
• Livestock: Hexagon plastic mesh is employed to create pens, fences, and shelters for animals.
• Bird Control: It's highly effective in keeping birds away from crops.
Civil Engineering
• Soil Erosion Control: Hexagon plastic mesh is used to stabilize soil, preventing erosion in construction sites.
• Drainage Facilities: It aids in creating effective drainage systems.
• Retaining Walls: Hexagon plastic mesh is employed in building retaining walls to enhance stability.
• Landscaping: It's used for landscaping projects, including slope protection and vegetation support.
Other Applications
• Shade and Wind Protection: Hexagon plastic mesh offers shade and windbreak solutions for various settings.
• Anti-Sand Measures: It helps prevent sand from encroaching on sensitive areas.
• Anti-Bird and Falling Objects Measures: It's an effective means to keep birds and falling objects away from specific spaces.
• Fence: For regional isolation on various occasions.
• Decorative Use: Hexagon plastic mesh is also used for decorative purposes in arts and crafts.
Why Choose Our Hexagon Plastic Mesh?
With a myriad of options available in the market, you might wonder what sets our plastic mesh apart. Here are some compelling reasons to choose it for your projects:
• Durability: Our hexagon plastic mesh's resistance to corrosion, chemicals, and extreme temperatures ensures it lasts for years, even in harsh conditions.
• Versatility: Its wide range of mesh sizes and grades makes it suitable for various applications.
• Ease of Installation: Our hexagon plastic mesh is lightweight and easy to work with, simplifying the installation process.
• Cost-Effective: Its long lifespan and low maintenance requirements translate to cost savings in the long run.
• Environmental Friendliness: Made from recyclable materials, hexagon plastic mesh aligns with sustainable practices.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our hexagon plastic mesh is a remarkable material that caters to a multitude of needs across diverse industries. Its durability, versatility, and ease of use make it a top choice for agriculture, civil engineering, and various other applications. Whether you're safeguarding your crops, stabilizing soil, build a fence, or enhancing safety, hexagon plastic mesh is your reliable partner in achieving these goals.
Incorporate our hexagon plastic mesh into your projects today, and experience the benefits of a reliable and versatile netting solution that stands the test of time.
Rigid plastic fence used for livestock, aquaculture filter, nursery, plant protection, surface soil fixation. Very popular in garden, grillage plastique, cloture plastique, farmland, park, agriculture etc.
Used as Fence nets / Livestock isolation nets / Soil stiffening nets / Aquaculture filter nets / Nursery nets / Sapling nets / Plant nets / Bed nets.
Hexagon plastic mesh, also known as plastic net fence, is a grid-like structure composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Its lightweight nature, coupled with impressive strength and beautiful hexagonal structure, makes it a favored choice in various industries. This material remains unaffected by solvents, chemicals, and the corrosive effects of soil and seawater, rendering it an excellent choice for substitute metal applications.
In the realm of construction, agriculture, various industrial domains and many other applications, this versatile material - hexagon plastic mesh has made its mark. This mesh serves a multitude of purposes, from safeguarding crops to slopes protection.
Colors
Our hexagon plastic mesh is available in various colors, with black, green being the standard options. However, white and customization is also an option, allowing you to choose the perfect hue for your specific needs.
Specifications
When considering plastic mesh for your projects, it's essential to grasp the significance of specifications:
• Mesh Size: The size of the mesh openings is denoted by numbers. The larger the number, the smaller the openings. For instance, #1 has openings measuring 45x60mm, while #12 features tiny 2x3mm openings.
• Wire Thickness: The wire thickness is inversely proportional to the mesh size. Larger mesh sizes have thicker wire, while smaller mesh sizes feature thinner wires.
• Width and Length: Plastic mesh comes in various width specifications, including 90cm, 120cm, 150cm, 180cm, 240cm, and 300cm. Its length typically extends to 30 meters per roll. Other widths and lengths are customized.
Grading the Quality
We classified hexagon plastic mesh into three grades based on its material, thickness and durability:
• Super Grade: This grade represents the most durable and highest-quality plastic mesh. It is crafted from virgin materials and can endure for more than a decade. It is available in #3, #6, and #8 mesh sizes.
• A Grade: A Grade plastic mesh is characterized by its high strength, making it suitable for medium to long-term use, typically spanning 5 to 10 years.
• B Grade: B Grade plastic mesh is thinner and designed for short-term use, lasting approximately 3 to 5 years. Used in situations where it is not necessary to withstand large tensile forces.
Endless Applications
One of the remarkable features of hexagon plastic mesh is its versatility. It finds application in a wide array of industries, including:
Agriculture, Fisheries, and Animal Husbandry
• Crop Protection: Hexagon plastic mesh is used to protect crops from wind and other environmental factors.
• Aquaculture: It plays a crucial role in fish farming, creating safe, efficient shed shelves and enclosures.
• Livestock: Hexagon plastic mesh is employed to create pens, fences, and shelters for animals.
• Bird Control: It's highly effective in keeping birds away from crops.
Civil Engineering
• Soil Erosion Control: Hexagon plastic mesh is used to stabilize soil, preventing erosion in construction sites.
• Drainage Facilities: It aids in creating effective drainage systems.
• Retaining Walls: Hexagon plastic mesh is employed in building retaining walls to enhance stability.
• Landscaping: It's used for landscaping projects, including slope protection and vegetation support.
Other Applications
• Shade and Wind Protection: Hexagon plastic mesh offers shade and windbreak solutions for various settings.
• Anti-Sand Measures: It helps prevent sand from encroaching on sensitive areas.
• Anti-Bird and Falling Objects Measures: It's an effective means to keep birds and falling objects away from specific spaces.
• Fence: For regional isolation on various occasions.
• Decorative Use: Hexagon plastic mesh is also used for decorative purposes in arts and crafts.
Why Choose Our Hexagon Plastic Mesh?
With a myriad of options available in the market, you might wonder what sets our plastic mesh apart. Here are some compelling reasons to choose it for your projects:
• Durability: Our hexagon plastic mesh's resistance to corrosion, chemicals, and extreme temperatures ensures it lasts for years, even in harsh conditions.
• Versatility: Its wide range of mesh sizes and grades makes it suitable for various applications.
• Ease of Installation: Our hexagon plastic mesh is lightweight and easy to work with, simplifying the installation process.
• Cost-Effective: Its long lifespan and low maintenance requirements translate to cost savings in the long run.
• Environmental Friendliness: Made from recyclable materials, hexagon plastic mesh aligns with sustainable practices.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our hexagon plastic mesh is a remarkable material that caters to a multitude of needs across diverse industries. Its durability, versatility, and ease of use make it a top choice for agriculture, civil engineering, and various other applications. Whether you're safeguarding your crops, stabilizing soil, build a fence, or enhancing safety, hexagon plastic mesh is your reliable partner in achieving these goals.
Incorporate our hexagon plastic mesh into your projects today, and experience the benefits of a reliable and versatile netting solution that stands the test of time.
Rigid plastic fence used for livestock, aquaculture filter, nursery, plant protection, surface soil fixation. Very popular in garden, grillage plastique, cloture plastique, farmland, park, agriculture etc.
Used as Fence nets / Livestock isolation nets / Soil stiffening nets / Aquaculture filter nets / Nursery nets / Sapling nets / Plant nets / Bed nets.
Fruits Picker FJ-300
Papaya Picker with stainless steel basket and 2 sections of length adjustable aluminum pole for papaya or other fruits at high tree to pick
DEAR DEER Papaya Fruit Picker consist of a stainless-steel basket and a 2 sections of length adjustable aluminum pole. Convenient for papaya or other fruits at high tree to pick.
The basket has soft inner lining inside to prevent damage to fruit. The pole made from aluminum, weight light and strong to support for fruit hold up at high tree.
The basket top diameter is 15 cm, the pole length is 2 sections length adjustable between 1.6 m to 2.6 m.
This fruit picker can be used for other fruits those are up high but easy separated from the pedicle. It is a very convinient garden tool for the pick of high tree fruits in the garden or farm.
The basket has soft inner lining inside to prevent damage to fruit. The pole made from aluminum, weight light and strong to support for fruit hold up at high tree.
The basket top diameter is 15 cm, the pole length is 2 sections length adjustable between 1.6 m to 2.6 m.
This fruit picker can be used for other fruits those are up high but easy separated from the pedicle. It is a very convinient garden tool for the pick of high tree fruits in the garden or farm.
Ground Staple CJ-400
DEAR DEER Plastic U Ground Staple, Pins Spikes, Sod Fence Staples, Gardening Stakes, Mulch Farm Ground Nail, Film Fixed Pegs, Gardening Fixing Tools
In the farming or gardening work we often need set somethings on the ground. DEAR DEER Plastic Plastic U-Shaped Securing Stake (U Farming Fixer) is a ground fixing tool that designed for fixing Gardening mulch mats, sunshade net, sprinkler hose, farming net, farm facilities, flexible hoses, sod fence staples etc. on the ground. This pins spike is shaped as an inverted U. This U shape nail with a longer inserter and a shorter inserter. At the top of longer inserter there is a press board for hand pressing. The shorter insert is used for hold the object we want to fix. This design makes it is well used as the Securing Stakes, Pins Spikes, Sod Fence Staples, Gardening Stakes, Mulch Farm Ground Nail, Film Fixed Pegs, Gardening Fixing Tools etc.
This DEAR DEER Plastic U-Shaped Securing Stake is used for fix the object on the loose soil. Light and easy to be used. Most of DEAR DEER plastic U ground fixers have some inverted serrations to prevent the fixer to be pulled out easily. There are different types of fixer with different width and different length for different object.
Introduction to Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Plastic Ground Fixing Nails are an excellent solution for securing lightweight items to the ground. Whether it's nets, mulch films, fence, or other implements, these nails provide a reliable and efficient way to prevent them from being blown away or getting messy. Here, we will introduce the different types of our plastic ground fixing nails and their applications, ensuring you can make the right choice for your needs.
The Need for Ground Fixing Nails
In various outdoor scenarios, we have to anchor items to the ground. Without proper fixation, items like nets or mulch films can easily be disturbed by wind or other environmental factors. Plastic ground fixing nails offer a simple yet effective solution to this problem, ensuring stability and durability.
Types of Our Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
1. CJ-400 U Ground Staple
The CJ-400 U Ground Staple is a U-shaped nail with two inserters. One inserter is longer, while the other is shorter, providing stability. Pressed by hand, this type is ideal for use on loose soil. With five variations in inserter width and length, it offers versatility for different applications.
2. CJ-450 Bendable Ground Staple
The CJ-450 Bendable Ground Staple is a straight staple with two sharp ends that can be bent from the middle to adjust the width. With a total length of 40 cm, it's convenient to carry and suitable for loose soil, providing flexibility in usage.
3. CJ-600 T Ground Stake
The CJ-600 T Ground Stake resembles a tack with an oval-shaped top plate. Featuring larger inserter bodies, it comes in three lengths (10cm, 15cm, and 20cm) for varied uses. Pressed by foot, it's designed for use on denser soils, providing a robust anchoring solution.
Benefits of Using Our Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Our plastic ground fixing nails offer several advantages, including durability, ease of installation, and various options to different soil types. They are cost-effective and provide a reliable solution for securing lightweight items in outdoor settings. Keep your equipment functioning as it should and avoid property loss.
Choosing the Right Type for Your Needs
Selecting the right type of plastic ground fixing nail depends on factors such as soil type, the weight of the item, and the intended duration of use. Understanding these factors will help you make an informed decision that meets your specific requirements.
How to Install Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Installation on Loose Soil
For loose soil, the CJ-400 U Ground Staple is ideal. Press at the head of longer inserters with thumb or palm for stability, and then further press to let all 2 inserts into the ground. This method allows for quick and easy installation.
CJ-450 Bendable Ground Staple is width adjustable and insert with hand. You can half insert with one end and bend to insert the other end, then press all the 2 ends into soil. It is less effort than CJ-400 but may use 2 hands in some condition.
Installation on Denser Soil
On harder soils, the CJ-600 T Ground Stake is recommended. The tack-like design, coupled with foot pressure, ensures a secure anchor. Choose the length of the inserter body based on the soil hardness.
Comparing Plastic Ground Fixing Nails with Metal Stakes
When compared to metal stakes, plastic ground fixing nails stand out for their lightweight design, ease of use, and eco-friendly nature. They won't rust and can be recycled. They provide a modern alternative that meets the needs of the environmentally conscious consumer.
Tips for Maintenance and Longevity
To ensure the longevity of plastic ground fixing nails, use correctly are essential. When the soil is too hard and the nail is bent, do not apply more pressure to avoid the nail breaking. Cleaning and storing them properly during periods of non-use, avoid sun exposure, will extend their lifespan and effectiveness.
Eco-Friendly Aspect of Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Plastic ground fixing nails contribute to environmental sustainability. Unlike metal alternatives, they are not prone to rusting and do not release harmful substances into the soil. Choosing plastic ground fixing nails aligns with eco-friendly practices.
Common Misconceptions about Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Addressing misconceptions is crucial. Contrary to belief, plastic ground fixing nails are not only for temporary use. They provide a durable and long-lasting solution when chosen correctly based on the application.
Customer Reviews and Experiences
Real-world experiences from customers using plastic ground fixing nails can provide valuable insights. Positive reviews often highlight the ease of use, durability, and effectiveness in various outdoor scenarios.
Innovations in Plastic Ground Fixing Nails Industry
The plastic ground fixing nails industry continually evolves with innovations. Stay updated on the latest developments, such as materials used, design enhancements, and new types of plastic ground fixing nails entering the market.
DIY Projects Using Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Beyond their traditional use, plastic ground fixing nails are versatile for DIY projects. There are many creative ways to use them in your outdoor endeavors, from gardening to crafting.
Conclusion
In conclusion, plastic ground fixing nails provide a modern, efficient, and eco-friendly solution for anchoring lightweight items to the ground. Understanding the types, benefits, and proper usage ensures a successful outdoor experience. Choose the right plastic ground fixing nail for your needs and enjoy stability in any outdoor setting.
FAQs
1. Are plastic ground fixing nails suitable for all soil types?
• Plastic ground fixing nails come in various types suitable for both loose and hard soils. It's essential to choose the right type based on the soil conditions.
2. Can plastic ground fixing nails be reused?
• Yes, plastic ground fixing nails are generally reusable. Proper maintenance and storage contribute to their longevity.
3. Do plastic ground fixing nails harm the environment?
• No, plastic ground fixing nails are eco-friendly and do not pose environmental risks when compared to traditional metal alternatives.
4. What is the typical lifespan of plastic ground fixing nails?
• The lifespan varies based on usage and maintenance but, with proper care, plastic ground fixing nails can last for 5 years or more.
This DEAR DEER Plastic U-Shaped Securing Stake is used for fix the object on the loose soil. Light and easy to be used. Most of DEAR DEER plastic U ground fixers have some inverted serrations to prevent the fixer to be pulled out easily. There are different types of fixer with different width and different length for different object.
Introduction to Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Plastic Ground Fixing Nails are an excellent solution for securing lightweight items to the ground. Whether it's nets, mulch films, fence, or other implements, these nails provide a reliable and efficient way to prevent them from being blown away or getting messy. Here, we will introduce the different types of our plastic ground fixing nails and their applications, ensuring you can make the right choice for your needs.
The Need for Ground Fixing Nails
In various outdoor scenarios, we have to anchor items to the ground. Without proper fixation, items like nets or mulch films can easily be disturbed by wind or other environmental factors. Plastic ground fixing nails offer a simple yet effective solution to this problem, ensuring stability and durability.
Types of Our Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
1. CJ-400 U Ground Staple
The CJ-400 U Ground Staple is a U-shaped nail with two inserters. One inserter is longer, while the other is shorter, providing stability. Pressed by hand, this type is ideal for use on loose soil. With five variations in inserter width and length, it offers versatility for different applications.
2. CJ-450 Bendable Ground Staple
The CJ-450 Bendable Ground Staple is a straight staple with two sharp ends that can be bent from the middle to adjust the width. With a total length of 40 cm, it's convenient to carry and suitable for loose soil, providing flexibility in usage.
3. CJ-600 T Ground Stake
The CJ-600 T Ground Stake resembles a tack with an oval-shaped top plate. Featuring larger inserter bodies, it comes in three lengths (10cm, 15cm, and 20cm) for varied uses. Pressed by foot, it's designed for use on denser soils, providing a robust anchoring solution.
Benefits of Using Our Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Our plastic ground fixing nails offer several advantages, including durability, ease of installation, and various options to different soil types. They are cost-effective and provide a reliable solution for securing lightweight items in outdoor settings. Keep your equipment functioning as it should and avoid property loss.
Choosing the Right Type for Your Needs
Selecting the right type of plastic ground fixing nail depends on factors such as soil type, the weight of the item, and the intended duration of use. Understanding these factors will help you make an informed decision that meets your specific requirements.
How to Install Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Installation on Loose Soil
For loose soil, the CJ-400 U Ground Staple is ideal. Press at the head of longer inserters with thumb or palm for stability, and then further press to let all 2 inserts into the ground. This method allows for quick and easy installation.
CJ-450 Bendable Ground Staple is width adjustable and insert with hand. You can half insert with one end and bend to insert the other end, then press all the 2 ends into soil. It is less effort than CJ-400 but may use 2 hands in some condition.
Installation on Denser Soil
On harder soils, the CJ-600 T Ground Stake is recommended. The tack-like design, coupled with foot pressure, ensures a secure anchor. Choose the length of the inserter body based on the soil hardness.
Comparing Plastic Ground Fixing Nails with Metal Stakes
When compared to metal stakes, plastic ground fixing nails stand out for their lightweight design, ease of use, and eco-friendly nature. They won't rust and can be recycled. They provide a modern alternative that meets the needs of the environmentally conscious consumer.
Tips for Maintenance and Longevity
To ensure the longevity of plastic ground fixing nails, use correctly are essential. When the soil is too hard and the nail is bent, do not apply more pressure to avoid the nail breaking. Cleaning and storing them properly during periods of non-use, avoid sun exposure, will extend their lifespan and effectiveness.
Eco-Friendly Aspect of Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Plastic ground fixing nails contribute to environmental sustainability. Unlike metal alternatives, they are not prone to rusting and do not release harmful substances into the soil. Choosing plastic ground fixing nails aligns with eco-friendly practices.
Common Misconceptions about Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Addressing misconceptions is crucial. Contrary to belief, plastic ground fixing nails are not only for temporary use. They provide a durable and long-lasting solution when chosen correctly based on the application.
Customer Reviews and Experiences
Real-world experiences from customers using plastic ground fixing nails can provide valuable insights. Positive reviews often highlight the ease of use, durability, and effectiveness in various outdoor scenarios.
Innovations in Plastic Ground Fixing Nails Industry
The plastic ground fixing nails industry continually evolves with innovations. Stay updated on the latest developments, such as materials used, design enhancements, and new types of plastic ground fixing nails entering the market.
DIY Projects Using Plastic Ground Fixing Nails
Beyond their traditional use, plastic ground fixing nails are versatile for DIY projects. There are many creative ways to use them in your outdoor endeavors, from gardening to crafting.
Conclusion
In conclusion, plastic ground fixing nails provide a modern, efficient, and eco-friendly solution for anchoring lightweight items to the ground. Understanding the types, benefits, and proper usage ensures a successful outdoor experience. Choose the right plastic ground fixing nail for your needs and enjoy stability in any outdoor setting.
FAQs
1. Are plastic ground fixing nails suitable for all soil types?
• Plastic ground fixing nails come in various types suitable for both loose and hard soils. It's essential to choose the right type based on the soil conditions.
2. Can plastic ground fixing nails be reused?
• Yes, plastic ground fixing nails are generally reusable. Proper maintenance and storage contribute to their longevity.
3. Do plastic ground fixing nails harm the environment?
• No, plastic ground fixing nails are eco-friendly and do not pose environmental risks when compared to traditional metal alternatives.
4. What is the typical lifespan of plastic ground fixing nails?
• The lifespan varies based on usage and maintenance but, with proper care, plastic ground fixing nails can last for 5 years or more.
Handheld Sprayer Nozzle FJ-601
Handheld sprayer nozzle, 30cm stainless steel gun, Long shoot, High Pressure Garden Hose Nozzle
Unleashing the Power: DEAR DEER High Pressure Garden Hose Nozzle - From cleaning cars to watering herb gardens
If you're in search of the best tool to elevate your outdoor cleaning and watering tasks, look no further. The DEAR DEER High Pressure Garden Hose Nozzle is a game-changer, providing unmatched power, versatility, and durability that puts it at the forefront of the market.
The Power to Impress: A Jet Stream and More
The high-pressure chamber of the DEAR DEER nozzle is its stainless-steel construction, ensuring a robust and lasting performance. This high-quality material is not just for show; it withstands high pressure to translate water into a powerful jet stream that can tackle the toughest cleaning tasks. The adjustable trigger and lock ring add precision and control, allowing you to seamlessly switch between stepless spray patterns, from a focused stream to a gentle mist.
Versatility Redefined: Professional-Grade Features
DEAR DEER High Pressure Garden Hose Nozzle is for homeowners, but it can be use with professional pressure washers also. The DEAR DEER nozzle offers a range of spray settings. Adjustable nozzle goes from a fine mist to a jet stream with a trigger adjustment. Whether you're dealing with stubborn dirt on sidewalks or watering delicate plants in your garden, this nozzle has you covered. The cone spray, strong jet spray and more provide a tailored approach to various outdoor surfaces, ensuring a thorough and efficient cleaning process.
Stainless Steel Elegance: Built to Last
Crafted from stainless steel with a plastic handle, this nozzle is not just a tool; it's a good assistant. The ergonomic handle makes it a breeze to navigate through extensive gardening tasks, reducing strain on your hands. The thoughtful design extends beyond functionality. DEAR DEER brings back that timeless reliability. From cleaning cars and decks to watering herb gardens, this nozzle proves its versatility, making it a must-have for both professionals and homeowners.
Weather the Elements: Protecting Your investment
Stainless- steel has excellent heat and cold resistance. Further to ensure a prolonged lifespan, it's crucial to shield the DEAR DEER nozzle from freezing weather. This simple yet effective precautionary measure will keep your tool in prime condition, ready to tackle any outdoor cleaning challenge that comes its way.
Why Choose DEAR DEER?
When it comes to selecting the best high-pressure nozzle for your garden hose, DEAR DEER is your best choice for the following reasons:
1. Powerful Performance: With one of the high PSI ratings, DEAR DEER delivers a robust jet stream for effective cleaning.
2. Trigger controls water flow: Users compress a trigger to control water flow, offer sprays from shut-off, mist to a highly efficient jet. A lock ring set the spray pattern you want. Use a free hand to steady what you are cleaning. This is an excellent option for customers who would like an all-in-one nozzle that works for just about all gardening water needs.
3. Durable Design: Crafted from stainless steel, this nozzle is built to withstand the test of time and heavy use.
4. Ergonomic Excellence: The thoughtfully designed handle, adjustable trigger and lock ring ensures comfort during prolonged use, reducing fatigue.
5. The best hose nozzles to wash cars: It has great pressure, can be used for power washing. This powerful washer nozzle does not leak, sprays from a good distance, trigger to control water flow. DEAR DEER is much easier to control than the longer wands, which reduces the risk of injury.
6. Weather-Resistant: Stainless- steel has excellent heat and cold resistance. Take simple precautions in freezing weather to protect your investment and ensure long-lasting performance.
Conclusion: Your Search Ends Here
In the competitive landscape of high-pressure garden hose nozzles, DEAR DEER emerges as a clear winner. Its powerful performance, versatile features, solid construction and durable design make it a standout choice for both professionals and homeowners. Invest in the best – choose DEAR DEER for a nozzle that not only meets but exceeds your expectations.
DEAR DEER High Pressure, High Atomization Pesticide Trigger long shoot hand sprayer
To the pesticide sprayer, as everybody knows, the higher pressure makes much finer fog and has longer distance spray. The much finer spraying makes the high efficient disinfect and saves more pesticide. DERA DEER trigger hand sprayer is made to be easily used for high pressure spray between dense branches of orchard.
1. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger hand sprayer has 2 types. Both are excellent tool for plant protection.
a. Type FJ-601: 30cm pesticide trigger hand sprayer, made of strong high pressure stainless steel.
b. FJ-611 20cm pesticide trigger hand sprayer, all made of strong high pressure stainless steel too.
Both types can be moved flexibly between tree branches and are easy to operate. Because it can withstand high operating pressure, the pesticide can achieve high atomization. They are the pesticide hand sprayers that very suitable for fruit trees.
2. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger hand sprayers are made in Taiwan. They have high-strength structure, specially designed for high-pressure spray. It is durable. The hand sprayer material is corrosion-resistant and has a long service life. When the pressure is around 30 bar, the spray can reach around 8 meters. Please note that the maximum operating pressure cannot exceed 50 bar
3. The high-pressure spray causes very fine water particles to float around the trees, easily attached to the back of the leaves, and has no blind spot. Efficient dissemination saves the amount of pesticides and the labor time cost of spraying.
4. The sprayed pesticide can be adjusted spray range to disperse or concentrate. After pulling the adjustment trigger of the hand sprayer to get the desired diffusion angle, turn the set ring to set the adjustment trigger of the hand sprayer. You can remove your finger from the hand sprayer's adjustment trigger and easily let the nozzle spray at a set diffusion angle.
5. Other types of nozzles can be selected according to different spray requirements.
6. Due to the good floating effect of fine water particles, when using this high pressure, high atomization pesticide hand sprayer, be sure to wear a pesticide spray protection device to avoid being hurt by pesticides.
7. To match the high pressure we have super high pressure spray hoses too.
This high-pressure, high-atomization spray pesticide hand sprayer is a hot-selling product exported from us. Popularly welcome by farmers and related industry.
If you're in search of the best tool to elevate your outdoor cleaning and watering tasks, look no further. The DEAR DEER High Pressure Garden Hose Nozzle is a game-changer, providing unmatched power, versatility, and durability that puts it at the forefront of the market.
The Power to Impress: A Jet Stream and More
The high-pressure chamber of the DEAR DEER nozzle is its stainless-steel construction, ensuring a robust and lasting performance. This high-quality material is not just for show; it withstands high pressure to translate water into a powerful jet stream that can tackle the toughest cleaning tasks. The adjustable trigger and lock ring add precision and control, allowing you to seamlessly switch between stepless spray patterns, from a focused stream to a gentle mist.
Versatility Redefined: Professional-Grade Features
DEAR DEER High Pressure Garden Hose Nozzle is for homeowners, but it can be use with professional pressure washers also. The DEAR DEER nozzle offers a range of spray settings. Adjustable nozzle goes from a fine mist to a jet stream with a trigger adjustment. Whether you're dealing with stubborn dirt on sidewalks or watering delicate plants in your garden, this nozzle has you covered. The cone spray, strong jet spray and more provide a tailored approach to various outdoor surfaces, ensuring a thorough and efficient cleaning process.
Stainless Steel Elegance: Built to Last
Crafted from stainless steel with a plastic handle, this nozzle is not just a tool; it's a good assistant. The ergonomic handle makes it a breeze to navigate through extensive gardening tasks, reducing strain on your hands. The thoughtful design extends beyond functionality. DEAR DEER brings back that timeless reliability. From cleaning cars and decks to watering herb gardens, this nozzle proves its versatility, making it a must-have for both professionals and homeowners.
Weather the Elements: Protecting Your investment
Stainless- steel has excellent heat and cold resistance. Further to ensure a prolonged lifespan, it's crucial to shield the DEAR DEER nozzle from freezing weather. This simple yet effective precautionary measure will keep your tool in prime condition, ready to tackle any outdoor cleaning challenge that comes its way.
Why Choose DEAR DEER?
When it comes to selecting the best high-pressure nozzle for your garden hose, DEAR DEER is your best choice for the following reasons:
1. Powerful Performance: With one of the high PSI ratings, DEAR DEER delivers a robust jet stream for effective cleaning.
2. Trigger controls water flow: Users compress a trigger to control water flow, offer sprays from shut-off, mist to a highly efficient jet. A lock ring set the spray pattern you want. Use a free hand to steady what you are cleaning. This is an excellent option for customers who would like an all-in-one nozzle that works for just about all gardening water needs.
3. Durable Design: Crafted from stainless steel, this nozzle is built to withstand the test of time and heavy use.
4. Ergonomic Excellence: The thoughtfully designed handle, adjustable trigger and lock ring ensures comfort during prolonged use, reducing fatigue.
5. The best hose nozzles to wash cars: It has great pressure, can be used for power washing. This powerful washer nozzle does not leak, sprays from a good distance, trigger to control water flow. DEAR DEER is much easier to control than the longer wands, which reduces the risk of injury.
6. Weather-Resistant: Stainless- steel has excellent heat and cold resistance. Take simple precautions in freezing weather to protect your investment and ensure long-lasting performance.
Conclusion: Your Search Ends Here
In the competitive landscape of high-pressure garden hose nozzles, DEAR DEER emerges as a clear winner. Its powerful performance, versatile features, solid construction and durable design make it a standout choice for both professionals and homeowners. Invest in the best – choose DEAR DEER for a nozzle that not only meets but exceeds your expectations.
DEAR DEER High Pressure, High Atomization Pesticide Trigger long shoot hand sprayer
To the pesticide sprayer, as everybody knows, the higher pressure makes much finer fog and has longer distance spray. The much finer spraying makes the high efficient disinfect and saves more pesticide. DERA DEER trigger hand sprayer is made to be easily used for high pressure spray between dense branches of orchard.
1. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger hand sprayer has 2 types. Both are excellent tool for plant protection.
a. Type FJ-601: 30cm pesticide trigger hand sprayer, made of strong high pressure stainless steel.
b. FJ-611 20cm pesticide trigger hand sprayer, all made of strong high pressure stainless steel too.
Both types can be moved flexibly between tree branches and are easy to operate. Because it can withstand high operating pressure, the pesticide can achieve high atomization. They are the pesticide hand sprayers that very suitable for fruit trees.
2. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger hand sprayers are made in Taiwan. They have high-strength structure, specially designed for high-pressure spray. It is durable. The hand sprayer material is corrosion-resistant and has a long service life. When the pressure is around 30 bar, the spray can reach around 8 meters. Please note that the maximum operating pressure cannot exceed 50 bar
3. The high-pressure spray causes very fine water particles to float around the trees, easily attached to the back of the leaves, and has no blind spot. Efficient dissemination saves the amount of pesticides and the labor time cost of spraying.
4. The sprayed pesticide can be adjusted spray range to disperse or concentrate. After pulling the adjustment trigger of the hand sprayer to get the desired diffusion angle, turn the set ring to set the adjustment trigger of the hand sprayer. You can remove your finger from the hand sprayer's adjustment trigger and easily let the nozzle spray at a set diffusion angle.
5. Other types of nozzles can be selected according to different spray requirements.
6. Due to the good floating effect of fine water particles, when using this high pressure, high atomization pesticide hand sprayer, be sure to wear a pesticide spray protection device to avoid being hurt by pesticides.
7. To match the high pressure we have super high pressure spray hoses too.
This high-pressure, high-atomization spray pesticide hand sprayer is a hot-selling product exported from us. Popularly welcome by farmers and related industry.
Mulch Film CJ-200
PE Black Mulch Film for wild plant restrain, temperature, water, breath of soil conservation, resist rainstorm
Black mulch is two layer twin extruded PE film but the colors is 2 sides black. The main advantages are to control wild plants and keep soil erosion of the planting beds. The films can be punched with planting holes by planting spacing and distance as we need.
Black mulch film used for Pineapple growing is very popular, with main functions to prevent the wild plants and keep soil loose or erosion loose of farmland. The films are wild plant herbicides saving include spray labor. The fertilizer demand is decrease too due to the decrease snatch of wild plant. Of course fertilization labor is decrease too.
Both 2 sides are black only, restrain wild plants grow up in farmland and keep the planting bed not be flushed. The width, thickness, length can be customizing.
Black color of film block sunlight that restrain the wild plants in farmland. Black PE film protect the roots and soil. Black mulch film is a very helpful farm parts for farming. It is a precise agriculture facility, one of our excellent hot sale farm implements, convenient farm agriculture equipment, valuable farm equipment.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigation
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers, used for soil amendments, water amendments and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system.
Fertigation is related to chemigation, the injection of chemicals into an irrigation system. The two terms are sometimes used interchangeably however chemigation is generally a more controlled and regulated process due to the nature of the chemicals used. Chemigation often involves insecticides herbicides, and fungicides, some of which pose health threat to humans, animals, and the environment.
Contents
Uses
Fertigation is practiced extensively in commercial agriculture and horticulture. Fertigation is also increasingly being used for landscaping as dispenser units become more reliable and easier to use. Fertigation is used to add additional nutrients or to correct nutrient deficiencies detected in plant tissue analysis. It is usually practiced on the high-value crops such as vegetables, turf, fruit trees, and ornamentals.
Commonly used nutrients
Most plant nutrients can be applied through irrigation systems. Nitrogen is the most commonly used plant nutrient. Naturally occurring nitrogen (N2) is a diatomic molecule which makes up approximately 80% of the earth’s atmosphere. Most plants cannot directly consume diatomic nitrogen, therefore nitrogen must be contained as a component of other chemical substances which plants can consume. Commonly, anhydrous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and urea are used as bioavailable sources of nitrogen. Other nutrients needed by plants include phosphorus and potassium. Like nitrogen, plants require these substances to live but they must be contained in other chemical substances such as monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate to serve as bioavailable nutrients. A common source of potassium is muriate of potash which is chemically potassium chloride.[1] A soil fertility analysis is used to determine which of the more stable nutrients should be used.
Advantages
The benefits of fertigation methods over conventional or drop-fertilizing methods include:
Increased nutrient absorption by plants.
Accurate placement of nutrient, where the water goes the nutrient goes as well.
Ability to "microdose", feeding the plants just enough so nutrients can be absorbed and are not left to be washed down to storm water next time it rains.
Reduction of fertilizer, chemicals, and water needed.
Reduced leaching of chemicals into the water supply.
Reduced water consumption due to the plant's increased root mass's ability to trap and hold water.
Application of nutrients can be controlled at the precise time and rate necessary.
Minimized risk of the roots contracting soil borne diseases through the contaminated soil.
Reduction of soil erosion issues as the nutrients are pumped through the water drip system. Leaching is decreased often through methods used to employ fertigation.
Disadvantages
Concentration of the solution may decrease as the fertilizer dissolves, this depends on equipment selection. If poorly selected may lead to poor nutrient placement.
The water supply for fertigation is to be kept separate from the domestic water supply to avoid contamination.
Possible pressure loss in the main irrigation line.
The process is dependent on the water supply's non-restriction by drought rationing.
Methods used
Drip irrigation – Less wasteful than sprinklers. It is not only more efficient for fertilizer usage, but can also be for maximizing nutrient uptake in plants like cotton.[2] Drip irrigation using fertigation can also increase yield and quality of fruit and flowers, especially in subsurface drip systems rather than above surface drip tape.[3]
Sprinkler systems-Increases leaf and fruit quality.
Continuous application-Fertilizer is supplied at a constant rate.
Three-stage application-Irrigation starts without fertilizers. Fertilizers are applied later in the process.
Proportional application-Injection rate is proportional to water discharge rate.
Quantitative application-Nutrient solution is applied in a calculated amount to each irrigation block.
Other methods of application include the lateral move, the traveler long sprayer, and solid set systems.
System design
Fertigation assists distribution of fertilizers for farmers. The simplest type of fertigation system consists of a tank with a pump, distribution pipes, capillaries, and a dripper pen.
All systems should be placed on a raised or sealed platform, not in direct contact with the earth. Each system should also be fitted with chemical spill trays.
Because of the potential risk of contamination in the potable (drinking) water supply, a backflow prevention device is required for most fertigation systems. Backflow requirements may vary greatly. Therefore, it is very important to understand the proper level of backflow prevention required by law. In the United States, the minimum backflow protection is usually determined by state regulation. Each city or town may set the level of protection required.
See also
Sustainable agriculture
Soil defertilisation
Water conservation
Drip irrigation
Foliar feeding
References
"Potassium Fertilizers". Penn State Extension (Penn State Extension).
Hou, Z., Li, P., Li, B. et al. Plant Soil (2007) 290: 115. doi:10.1007/s11104-006-9140-1
Elhindi, Khalid, El-Hendawy, Salah, Abdel-Salam, Eslam, Elgorban, Abdallah, & Ahmed, Mukhtar. (2016). Impacts of fertigation via surface and subsurface drip irrigation on growth rate, yield and flower quality of Zinnia elegans. Bragantia, 75(1), 96-107. Epub December 22, 2015.https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.176
Bibliography
Asadi, M.E., 1998. "Water and nitrogen management to reduce impact of nitrates". Proceedings of the 5th International Agricultural Engineering conference, December 7–10, Bangkok, Thailand, PP.602–616.
Asadi, M.E., Clemente, R.S.2000. "Impact of nitrogen fertilizer use on the environment". Proceedings of the 6th International Agricultural Engineering Conference, December 4–7, Bangkok, Thailand. PP.413–423.
Asadi, M.E., Clemente, R.S., Gupta, A.D., Loof, R., and Hansen, G.K. 2002. "Impacts of fertigation Via sprinkler irrigation on nitrate leaching and corn yield on an acid - sulphate soil in Thailand. Agricultural Water Management" 52(3): 197-213.
Asadi, M.E., 2004. "Optimum utilization of water and nitrogen fertilizers in sustainable agriculture". Programme and Abstracts N2004. The Third International Nitrogen Conference. October 12–16, Nanjing, China. p. 68.
Asadi, M.E., 2005. "Fertigation as an engineering system to enhance nitrogen fertilizer efficiency". Proceedings of the Second International Congress: Information Technology in Agriculture, Food and Environment, (ITAFE), October 12–14, Adana, Turkey, pp. 525–532.
Department of Natural Resources, Environment, "Fertigation systems." Web. 4 May 2009.
Hanson, Blaine R., Hopmans, Jan, Simunek, Jirka. "Effect of Fertigation Strategy on Nitrogen Availability and Nitrate Leaching using Microirrigation". HortScience 2005 40: 1096
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, www.ncagr.com/fooddrug/pesticid/chemigation2003.pdf "Chemigation & Fertigation". (2003) 4 May 2009.
Neilsen, Gerry, Kappel, Frank, Neilsen, Denise. "Fertigation Method Affects Performance of `Lapins' Sweet Cherry on Gisela 5 Rootstock". HortScience 2004 39: 1716–1721
NSW department of primary industries, "Horticultural fertigation". 2000.
Suhaimi, M. Yaseer; Mohammad, A.M.; Mahamud, S.; Khadzir, D. (July 18, 2012). "Effects of substrates on growth and yield of ginger cultivated using soilless culture", Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 40(2) pp. 159 - 168. (Selangor)
vte
Plant nutrition / Fertilizer
Categories: Agricultural terminology Fertilizers Irrigation Lawncare Plant nutrition
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch
A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing wild plant growth and enhancing the visual appeal of the area.
A mulch is usually, but not exclusively, organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. plastic sheeting) or temporary (e.g. bark chips). It may be applied to bare soil or around existing plants. Mulches of manure or compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly, can dramatically improve soil productivity.[1]
Contents
Uses
Many materials are used as mulches, which are used to retain soil moisture, regulate soil temperature, suppress wild plant growth, and for aesthetics.[2] They are applied to the soil surface,[3] around trees, paths, flower beds, to prevent soil erosion on slopes, and in production areas for flower and vegetable crops. Mulch layers are normally 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more deep when applied.[4][5]
They are applied at various times of the year depending on the purpose. Towards the beginning of the growing season, mulches serve initially to warm the soil by helping it retain heat which is lost during the night. This allows early seeding and transplanting of certain crops, and encourages faster growth. As the season progresses, mulch stabilizes the soil temperature and moisture, and prevents the growing of wild plants from seeds.[6] In temperate climates, the effect of mulch is dependent upon the time of year they are applied and when applied in fall and winter, are used to delay the growth of perennial plants in the spring or prevent growth in winter during warm spells, which limits freeze thaw damage.[7]
The effect of mulch upon soil moisture content is complex. Mulch forms a layer between the soil and the atmosphere preventing sunlight from reaching the soil surface, thus reducing evaporation. However, mulch can also prevent water from reaching the soil by absorbing or blocking water from light rains.
In order to maximise the benefits of mulch, while minimizing its negative influences, it is often applied in late spring/early summer when soil temperatures have risen sufficiently, but soil moisture content is still relatively high.[8] However, permanent mulch is also widely used and valued for its simplicity, as popularized by author Ruth Stout, who said, "My way is simply to keep a thick mulch of any vegetable matter that rots on both sides of my vegetable and flower garden all year long. As it decays and enriches the soils, I add more."[9]
Plastic mulch used in large-scale commercial production is laid down with a tractor-drawn or standalone layer of plastic mulch. This is usually part of a sophisticated mechanical process, where raised beds are formed, plastic is rolled out on top, and seedlings are transplanted through it. Drip irrigation is often required, with drip tape laid under the plastic, as plastic mulch is impermeable to water.
Materials
Rubber mulch nuggets in a playground. The white fibers are nylon cords, which are present in the tires from which the mulch is made.
Shredded wood used as mulch. This type of mulch is often dyed to improve its appearance in the landscape.
Pine needles used as mulch. Also called "pinestraw" in the southern US.
Aged Compost mulch on a flower bed
Crushed stone mulch
Spring daffodils push through shredded wood mulch
Materials used as mulches vary and depend on a number of factors. Use takes into consideration availability, cost, appearance, the effect it has on the soil—including chemical reactions and pH, durability, combustibility, rate of decomposition, how clean it is—some can contain wild plant seeds or plant pathogens.[6]
A variety of materials are used as mulch:
Organic residues: grass clippings, leaves, hay, straw, kitchen scraps comfrey, shredded bark, whole bark nuggets, sawdust, shells, woodchips, shredded newspaper, cardboard, wool, animal manure, etc. Many of these materials also act as a direct composting system, such as the mulched clippings of a mulching lawn mower, or other organics applied as sheet composting.
Compost: fully composted materials are used to avoid possible phytotoxicity problems. Materials that are free of seeds are ideally used, to prevent wild plants being introduced by the mulch.
Old carpet (synthetic or natural): makes a free, readily available mulch.[10]
Rubber mulch: made from recycled tire rubber.
Plastic mulch: crops grow through slits or holes in thin plastic sheeting. This method is predominant in large-scale vegetable growing, with millions of acres cultivated under plastic mulch worldwide each year (disposal of plastic mulch is cited as an environmental problem).
Rock and gravel can also be used as a mulch. In cooler climates the heat retained by rocks may extend the growing season.
In some areas of the United States, such as central Pennsylvania and northern California, mulch is often referred to as "tanbark", even by manufacturers and distributors. In these areas, the word "mulch" is used specifically to refer to very fine tanbark or peat moss.
Organic mulches
mulching_coconut farm
Organic mulches decay over time and are temporary. The way a particular organic mulch decomposes and reacts to wetting by rain and dew affects its usefulness.
Some mulches such as straw, peat, sawdust and other wood products may for a while negatively affect plant growth because of their wide carbon to nitrogen ratio,[11] because bacteria and fungi that decompose the materials remove nitrogen from the surrounding soil for growth.[12][13] However, whether this effect has any practical impact on gardens is disputed by researchers and the experience of gardeners.[14] Organic mulches can mat down, forming a barrier that blocks water and air flow between the soil and the atmosphere. Vertically applied organic mulches can wick water from the soil to the surface, which can dry out the soil.[15] Mulch made with wood can contain or feed termites, so care must be taken about not placing mulch too close to houses or building that can be damaged by those insects. Some mulch manufacturers recommend putting mulch several inches away from buildings.
Commonly available organic mulches include:[6]
Leaves
Leaves from deciduous trees, which drop their foliage in the autumn/fall. They tend to be dry and blow around in the wind, so are often chopped or shredded before application. As they decompose they adhere to each other but also allow water and moisture to seep down to the soil surface. Thick layers of entire leaves, especially of maples and oaks, can form a soggy mat in winter and spring which can impede the new growth lawn grass and other plants. Dry leaves are used as winter mulches to protect plants from freezing and thawing in areas with cold winters; they are normally removed during spring.
Grass clippings
Grass clippings, from mowed lawns are sometimes collected and used elsewhere as mulch. Grass clippings are dense and tend to mat down, so are mixed with tree leaves or rough compost to provide aeration and to facilitate their decomposition without smelly putrefaction. Rotting fresh grass clippings can damage plants; their rotting often produces a damaging buildup of trapped heat. Grass clippings are often dried thoroughly before application, which mediates against rapid decomposition and excessive heat generation. Fresh green grass clippings are relatively high in nitrate content, and when used as a mulch, much of the nitrate is returned to the soil, conversely the routine removal of grass clippings from the lawn results in nitrogen deficiency for the lawn.
Peat moss
Peat moss, or sphagnum peat, is long lasting and packaged, making it convenient and popular as a mulch. When wetted and dried, it can form a dense crust that does not allow water to soak in. When dry it can also burn, producing a smoldering fire. It is sometimes mixed with pine needles to produce a mulch that is friable. It can also lower the pH of the soil surface, making it useful as a mulch under acid loving plants.
However peat bogs are a valuable wildlife habitat, and peat is also one of the largest stores of carbon (in Britain, out of a total estimated 9952 million tonnes of carbon in British vegetation and soils, 6948 million tonnes carbon are estimated to be in Scottish, mostly peatland, soils[16]), so gardeners who wish to protect the environment will choose more sustainable alternatives.[17]
Arborist Wood Chips
Wood chips are a byproduct of the pruning of trees by arborists, utilities and parks; they are used to dispose of bulky waste. Tree branches and large stems are rather coarse after chipping and tend to be used as a mulch at least three inches thick. The chips are used to conserve soil moisture, moderate soil temperature and suppress wild plant growth. The decay of freshly produced chips from recently living woody plants, consumes nitrate; this is often off set with a light application of a high-nitrate fertilizer. Wood chips are most often used under trees and shrubs. When used around soft stemmed plants, an unmulched zone is left around the plant stems to prevent stem rot or other possible diseases. They are often used to mulch trails, because they are readily produced with little additional cost outside of the normal disposal cost of tree maintenance. Wood chips come in various colors.
Woodchip mulch
Woodchip mulch is a byproduct of reprocessing used (untreated) timber (usually packaging pallets), to dispose of wood waste by creating woodchip mulch. The chips are used to conserve soil moisture, moderate soil temperature and suppress wild plant growth. Woodchip mulch is often used under trees, shrubs or large planting areas and can last much longer than arborist mulch. In addition, many consider woodchip mulch to be visually appealing, as it comes in various colors. Woodchips can also be reprocessed into playground woodchip to be used as an impact-attenuating playground surfacing.
Bark chips
Bark chips
Bark chips of various grades are produced from the outer corky bark layer of timber trees. Sizes vary from thin shredded strands to large coarse blocks. The finer types are very attractive but have a large exposed surface area that leads to quicker decay. Layers two or three inches deep are usually used, bark is relativity inert and its decay does not demand soil nitrates. Bark chips are also available in various colors.
Straw mulch / field hay / salt hay
Permaculture garden with a fruit tree, herbs, flowers and vegetables mulched with hay
Straw mulch or field hay or salt hay are lightweight and normally sold in compressed bales. They have an unkempt look and are used in vegetable gardens and as a winter covering. They are biodegradable and neutral in pH. They have good moisture retention and wild plant controlling properties but also are more likely to be contaminated with wild plant seeds. Salt hay is less likely to have wild plant seeds than field hay. Straw mulch is also available in various colors.
Pine straw
The needles that drop from pine trees is termed pine straw. It is available in bales. Pine straw has an attractive look and is used in landscape and garden settings. On application pine needles tend to weave together, a characteristic that helps the mulch hold storm water on steeper slopes. This interlocking tendency combined with a resistance to floating gives it further advantages in maintaining cover and preventing soil erosion. The interlocking tendency also helps keep the mulch structure from collapsing and forming a barrier to infiltration.[18] Pine straw is reputed to create ideal conditions for acid-loving plants. Pine straw may help to acidify soils but studies indicate this effect is often too small to be measurable. [19]
Cardboard / newspaper
Cardboard or newspaper can be used as mulches. These are best used as a base layer upon which a heavier mulch such as compost is placed to prevent the lighter cardboard/newspaper layer from blowing away. By incorporating a layer of cardboard/newspaper into a mulch, the quantity of heavier mulch can be reduced, whilst improving the wild plant suppressant and moisture retaining properties of the mulch.[8] However, additional labour is expended when planting through a mulch containing a cardboard/newspaper layer, as holes must be cut for each plant. Sowing seed through mulches containing a cardboard/newspaper layer is impractical. Application of newspaper mulch in windy weather can be facilitated by briefly pre-soaking the newspaper in water to increase its weight.
Carpet
Synthetic carpet that is composed of artificial fibers may be removed after planting to prevent fibers taking a long time to decompose, whereas carpet made from natural fibers may be kept in place, blocking competition from wild plants. Rain is absorbed by carpet and then slowly released into the soil, reducing watering needs.[10]
Colored mulch
Some organic mulches are colored red, brown, black, and other colors. Isopropanolamine, specifically 1-Amino-2-propanol or DOW™ monoisopropanolamine, may be used as a pigment dispersant and color fastener in these mulches.[20][21][22][23] Types of mulch which can be dyed include: wood chips, bark chips (barkdust) and pine straw. Colored mulch is made by dyeing the mulch in a water-based solution of colorant and chemical binder. When colored mulch first entered the market, most formulas were suspected to contain toxic, heavy metals and other contaminates. Today, “current investigations indicate that mulch colorants pose no threat to people, pets or the environment. The dyes currently used by the mulch and soil industry are similar to those used in the cosmetic and other manufacturing industries (i.e., iron oxide),” as stated by the Mulch and Soil Council.[24] Colored mulch can be applied anywhere non-colored mulch is used (such as large bedded areas or around plants) and features many of the same gardening benefits as traditional mulch, such as improving soil productivity and retaining moisture.[25] As mulch decomposes, just as with non-colored mulch, more mulch may need to be added to continue providing benefits to the soil and plants. However, if mulch is faded, spraying dye to previously spread mulch in order to restore color is an option.[26]
Anaerobic (sour) mulch
Mulch normally smells like freshly cut wood, but sometimes develops a toxicity that causes it to smell like vinegar, ammonia, sulfur or silage. This happens when material with ample nitrogen content is not rotated often enough and it forms pockets of increased decomposition. When this occurs, the process may become anaerobic and produce these phytotoxic materials in small quantities. Once exposed to the air, the process quickly reverts to an aerobic process, but these toxic materials may be present for a period of time. If the mulch is placed around plants before the toxicity has had a chance to dissipate, then the plants could very likely be damaged or killed depending on their hardiness. Plants that are predominantly low to the ground or freshly planted are the most susceptible, and the phytotoxicity may prevent germination of some seeds.[27]
If sour mulch is applied and there is plant kill, the best thing to do is to water the mulch heavily. Water dissipates the chemicals faster and refreshes the plants. Removing the offending mulch may have little effect, because by the time plant kill is noticed, most of the toxicity is already dissipated. While testing after plant kill will not likely turn up anything, a simple pH check may reveal high acidity, in the range of 3.8 to 5.6 instead of the normal range of 6.0 to 7.2. Finally, placing a bit of the offending mulch around another plant to check for plant kill will verify if the toxicity has departed. If the new plant is also killed, then sour mulch is probably not the problem.
Groundcovers (living mulches)
Main articles: Groundcovers and Living mulch
Groundcovers are plants which grow close to the ground, under the main crop, to slow the development of wild plants and provide other benefits of mulch. They are usually fast-growing plants that continue growing with the main crops. By contrast, cover crops are incorporated into the soil or killed with herbicides. However, live mulches also may need to be mechanically or chemically killed eventually to prevent competition with the main crop.[28]
Some groundcovers can perform additional roles in the garden such as nitrogen fixation in the case of clovers, dynamic accumulation of nutrients from the subsoil in the case of creeping comfrey (Symphytum ibericum), and even food production in the case of Rubus tricolor.[29]
On-site production
Owing to the great bulk of mulch which is often required on a site, it is often impractical and expensive to source and import sufficient mulch materials. An alternative to importing mulch materials is to grow them on site in a "mulch garden" – an area of the site dedicated entirely to the production of mulch which is then transferred to the growing area.[29] Mulch gardens should be sited as close as possible to the growing area so as to facilitate transfer of mulch materials.[29]
Mulching (composting) over unwanted plants
Main article: Sheet mulching
Sufficient mulch over plants will destroy them, and may be more advantageous than using herbicide, cutting, mowing, pulling, raking, or tilling. The higher the temperature that this "mulch" is composted, the quicker the reduction of undesirable materials. "Undesirable materials" may include living seed, plant "trash", as well as pathogens such as from animal feces, urine (e.g. hantavirus), fleas, lice, ticks, etc.
In some ways this improves the soil by attracting and feeding earthworms, and adding humus. Earthworms "till" the soil, and their feces are among the best fertilizers and soil conditioners.
Urine may be toxic to plants if applied to growing areas undiluted. See Compost ingredients: Human Waste.
Polypropylene and polyethylene mulch
Polypropylene mulch is made up of polypropylene polymers where polyethylene mulch is made up of polyethylene polymers. These mulches are commonly used in many plastics. Polyethylene is used mainly for wild plant reduction, where polypropylene is used mainly on perennials.[30] This mulch is placed on top of the soil and can be done by machine or hand with pegs to keep the mulch tight against the soil. This mulch can prevent soil erosion, reduce wild planting, conserve soil moisture, and increase temperature of the soil.[31] Ultimately this can reduce the amount of work a farmer may have to do, and the amount of herbicides applied during the growing period. The black and clear mulches capture sunlight and warm the soil increasing the growth rate. White and other reflective colours will also warm the soil, but they do not suppress wild plants as well.[31] This mulch may require other sources of obtaining water such as drip irrigation since it can reduce the amount of water that reaches the soil.[31] This mulch needs to be manually removed at the end of the season since when it starts to break down it breaks down into smaller pieces.[32] If the mulch is not removed before it starts to break down eventually it will break down into ketones and aldehydes polluting the soil.[32] This mulch is technically biodegradable but does not break down into the same materials the more natural biodegradable mulch does.
Biodegradable mulch
Quality biodegradable mulches are made out of plant starches and sugars or polyester fibers. These starches can come from plants such as wheat and corn.[33] These mulch films may be a bit more permeable allowing more water into the soil. This mulch can prevent soil erosion, reduce wild planting, conserve soil moisture, and increase temperature of the soil.[31] Ultimately this can reduce the amount of herbicides used and manual labor farmers may have to do throughout the growing season. At the end of the season these mulches will start to break down from heat. Microorganisms in the soil break down the mulch into two components, water and CO2, leaving no toxic residues behind.[33] This source of mulch is even less manual labor since it does not need to be removed at the end of the season and can actually be tilled into the soil.[33] With this mulch it is important to take into consideration that it's much more delicate than other kinds. It should be placed on a day which is not too hot and with less tension than other synthetic mulches.[33] These also can be placed by machine or hand but it is ideal to have a more starchy mulch that will allow it to stick to the soil better.
See also
icon Gardening portal
Forestry mulching
Good Agricultural Practices
Rubber mulch
Plasticulture
Integrated pest management
Living mulch
Mulching machine
References
RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
Alfred J. Turgeon; Lambert Blanchard McCarty; Nick Edward Christians (2009). wild plant control in turf and ornamentals. Prentice Hall. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-13-159122-6.
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya; Robert E. Blackshaw (2007). Non-chemical wild plant Management: Principles, Concepts and Technology. CABI. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-1-84593-291-6.
Vegetable Gardening: Growing and Harvesting Vegetables. Murdoch Books. 2004. pp. 110–. ISBN 978-1-74045-519-0.
Dennis R. Pittenger (2002). California Master Gardener Handbook. UCANR Publications. pp. 567–. ISBN 978-1-879906-54-9.
Louise; Bush-Brown, James (1996). America's garden book. New York: Macmillan USA. p. 768. ISBN 0-02-860995-6{{inconsistent citations}}
Leon C. Snyder (2000). Gardening in the Upper Midwest. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-0-8166-3838-3.
Patrick Whitefield, 2004, The Earth Care Manual, Permanent Publications, ISBN 978-1-85623-021-6
Stout, Ruth. Gardening Without Work. Devon-Adair Press, 1961. Reprinted by Norton Creek Press, 2011, pp. 6-7. ISBN 978-0-9819284-6-3
Galloway, David. "Get Your New Garden Ready for Spring with Old Carpet". Lifehacker. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
http://www.eau.ee/~agronomy/vol07Spec1/p7sI53.pdf[permanent dead link]
http://joa.isa-arbor.com/request.asp?JournalID=1&ArticleID=3111&Type=2
Jeff Gillman (1 February 2008). The Truth About Organic Gardening: Benefits, Drawnbacks, and the Bottom Line. Timber Press. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-1-60469-005-7.
Stout, Ruth. Gardening Without Work. Devon-Adair Press, 1961. Reprinted by Norton Creek Press, 2011, pp. 192-193. ISBN 978-0-9819284-6-3
David A. Bainbridge (11 June 2007). A Guide for Desert and Dryland Restoration: New Hope for Arid Lands. Island Press. pp. 239–. ISBN 978-1-61091-082-8.
Milne, R.; T. A. Brown (1997). "Carbon in the vegetation and soils of Great Britain". Journal of Environmental Management. 49: 413–433. doi:10.1006/jema.1995.0118.
Walker, John (2011). How to Create an Eco Garden: The practical guide to greener, planet-friendly gardening. Wigston, Leicestershire: Aquamarine. p. 33. ISBN 9781903141892.
Taylor, Eric L.; Foster, Darwin. "Pine Straw as a Ground Cover Mulch". Texas A&M. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
"Tips On Using Pine Straw For Garden Mulch". 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
"Product Information - DOW™ Monoisopropanolamine (MIPA)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Product Safety Assessment - DOW™ Monoisopropanolamine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Mulch_Magic_Red.pdf". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Agriculture" (PDF). Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2013-07-15.
"Indiana Yard and Garden – Purdue Consumer Horticulture - Purdue University". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Is There a Spray You Can Use to Renew Your Mulch Color?". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Beware of Sour Mulch". Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Brandsaeter et al. 1998, Tharp and Kells, 2001
Jacke and Toensmeier, Edible Forest Gardening, vol. II
Dovorak, P. "BLACK POLYPROPYLENE MULCH TEXTILE IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE" (PDF). Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká. 52. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Shonbeck, Dr. Mark (12 September 2012). "Synthetic Mulching Materials for wild plant Management". Extension. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Corbin, A (2013). "Using Biodegradable Plastics as Agricultural Mulches" (PDF). Retrieved 16 November 2014.
"Biodegradable Mulch Demonstrations". Penn State Extension. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
External links
Look up mulch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mulch.
Mulching Trees & Shrubs
vte
Permaculture
List of projects
Sciences
AgroecologyEcosynthesisMycoforestryPermaforestryPolycultureSynergistic gardening
Techniques
Companion planting Forest gardening Grassed waterway Holzer Permaculture Intercropping Keyline design Raised-bed gardening Sheet mulching Vegan organic gardening Waru Waru
Components
Composting toilet Folkewall Leaf mold Mulch Spent mushroom compost Three Sisters (agriculture)Tree bog
Organizations
Beacon Food Forest Centre for Alternative Technology Permaculture Association Permaculture Action Network Permaculture College Australia Permaculture Institute of El Salvador Permanent Publications Plants for a Future Pomona College Organic Farm
Permaculturalists
People in permaculture Bill Mollison Brad Lancaster David Blume David Holmgren Geoff LawtonIanto Evans Patrick Whitefield Paul Stamets Paul Wheaton Robyn FrancisRuth StoutSepp Holzer
Category Category Commons page Commons Wiktionary page Wiktionary
Categories: Sustainable gardening Composting Organic gardening Permaculture Soil improvers Water conservation
Black mulch film used for Pineapple growing is very popular, with main functions to prevent the wild plants and keep soil loose or erosion loose of farmland. The films are wild plant herbicides saving include spray labor. The fertilizer demand is decrease too due to the decrease snatch of wild plant. Of course fertilization labor is decrease too.
Both 2 sides are black only, restrain wild plants grow up in farmland and keep the planting bed not be flushed. The width, thickness, length can be customizing.
Black color of film block sunlight that restrain the wild plants in farmland. Black PE film protect the roots and soil. Black mulch film is a very helpful farm parts for farming. It is a precise agriculture facility, one of our excellent hot sale farm implements, convenient farm agriculture equipment, valuable farm equipment.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigation
Fertigation is the injection of fertilizers, used for soil amendments, water amendments and other water-soluble products into an irrigation system.
Fertigation is related to chemigation, the injection of chemicals into an irrigation system. The two terms are sometimes used interchangeably however chemigation is generally a more controlled and regulated process due to the nature of the chemicals used. Chemigation often involves insecticides herbicides, and fungicides, some of which pose health threat to humans, animals, and the environment.
Contents
Uses
Fertigation is practiced extensively in commercial agriculture and horticulture. Fertigation is also increasingly being used for landscaping as dispenser units become more reliable and easier to use. Fertigation is used to add additional nutrients or to correct nutrient deficiencies detected in plant tissue analysis. It is usually practiced on the high-value crops such as vegetables, turf, fruit trees, and ornamentals.
Commonly used nutrients
Most plant nutrients can be applied through irrigation systems. Nitrogen is the most commonly used plant nutrient. Naturally occurring nitrogen (N2) is a diatomic molecule which makes up approximately 80% of the earth’s atmosphere. Most plants cannot directly consume diatomic nitrogen, therefore nitrogen must be contained as a component of other chemical substances which plants can consume. Commonly, anhydrous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and urea are used as bioavailable sources of nitrogen. Other nutrients needed by plants include phosphorus and potassium. Like nitrogen, plants require these substances to live but they must be contained in other chemical substances such as monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate to serve as bioavailable nutrients. A common source of potassium is muriate of potash which is chemically potassium chloride.[1] A soil fertility analysis is used to determine which of the more stable nutrients should be used.
Advantages
The benefits of fertigation methods over conventional or drop-fertilizing methods include:
Increased nutrient absorption by plants.
Accurate placement of nutrient, where the water goes the nutrient goes as well.
Ability to "microdose", feeding the plants just enough so nutrients can be absorbed and are not left to be washed down to storm water next time it rains.
Reduction of fertilizer, chemicals, and water needed.
Reduced leaching of chemicals into the water supply.
Reduced water consumption due to the plant's increased root mass's ability to trap and hold water.
Application of nutrients can be controlled at the precise time and rate necessary.
Minimized risk of the roots contracting soil borne diseases through the contaminated soil.
Reduction of soil erosion issues as the nutrients are pumped through the water drip system. Leaching is decreased often through methods used to employ fertigation.
Disadvantages
Concentration of the solution may decrease as the fertilizer dissolves, this depends on equipment selection. If poorly selected may lead to poor nutrient placement.
The water supply for fertigation is to be kept separate from the domestic water supply to avoid contamination.
Possible pressure loss in the main irrigation line.
The process is dependent on the water supply's non-restriction by drought rationing.
Methods used
Drip irrigation – Less wasteful than sprinklers. It is not only more efficient for fertilizer usage, but can also be for maximizing nutrient uptake in plants like cotton.[2] Drip irrigation using fertigation can also increase yield and quality of fruit and flowers, especially in subsurface drip systems rather than above surface drip tape.[3]
Sprinkler systems-Increases leaf and fruit quality.
Continuous application-Fertilizer is supplied at a constant rate.
Three-stage application-Irrigation starts without fertilizers. Fertilizers are applied later in the process.
Proportional application-Injection rate is proportional to water discharge rate.
Quantitative application-Nutrient solution is applied in a calculated amount to each irrigation block.
Other methods of application include the lateral move, the traveler long sprayer, and solid set systems.
System design
Fertigation assists distribution of fertilizers for farmers. The simplest type of fertigation system consists of a tank with a pump, distribution pipes, capillaries, and a dripper pen.
All systems should be placed on a raised or sealed platform, not in direct contact with the earth. Each system should also be fitted with chemical spill trays.
Because of the potential risk of contamination in the potable (drinking) water supply, a backflow prevention device is required for most fertigation systems. Backflow requirements may vary greatly. Therefore, it is very important to understand the proper level of backflow prevention required by law. In the United States, the minimum backflow protection is usually determined by state regulation. Each city or town may set the level of protection required.
See also
Sustainable agriculture
Soil defertilisation
Water conservation
Drip irrigation
Foliar feeding
References
"Potassium Fertilizers". Penn State Extension (Penn State Extension).
Hou, Z., Li, P., Li, B. et al. Plant Soil (2007) 290: 115. doi:10.1007/s11104-006-9140-1
Elhindi, Khalid, El-Hendawy, Salah, Abdel-Salam, Eslam, Elgorban, Abdallah, & Ahmed, Mukhtar. (2016). Impacts of fertigation via surface and subsurface drip irrigation on growth rate, yield and flower quality of Zinnia elegans. Bragantia, 75(1), 96-107. Epub December 22, 2015.https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.176
Bibliography
Asadi, M.E., 1998. "Water and nitrogen management to reduce impact of nitrates". Proceedings of the 5th International Agricultural Engineering conference, December 7–10, Bangkok, Thailand, PP.602–616.
Asadi, M.E., Clemente, R.S.2000. "Impact of nitrogen fertilizer use on the environment". Proceedings of the 6th International Agricultural Engineering Conference, December 4–7, Bangkok, Thailand. PP.413–423.
Asadi, M.E., Clemente, R.S., Gupta, A.D., Loof, R., and Hansen, G.K. 2002. "Impacts of fertigation Via sprinkler irrigation on nitrate leaching and corn yield on an acid - sulphate soil in Thailand. Agricultural Water Management" 52(3): 197-213.
Asadi, M.E., 2004. "Optimum utilization of water and nitrogen fertilizers in sustainable agriculture". Programme and Abstracts N2004. The Third International Nitrogen Conference. October 12–16, Nanjing, China. p. 68.
Asadi, M.E., 2005. "Fertigation as an engineering system to enhance nitrogen fertilizer efficiency". Proceedings of the Second International Congress: Information Technology in Agriculture, Food and Environment, (ITAFE), October 12–14, Adana, Turkey, pp. 525–532.
Department of Natural Resources, Environment, "Fertigation systems." Web. 4 May 2009.
Hanson, Blaine R., Hopmans, Jan, Simunek, Jirka. "Effect of Fertigation Strategy on Nitrogen Availability and Nitrate Leaching using Microirrigation". HortScience 2005 40: 1096
North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, www.ncagr.com/fooddrug/pesticid/chemigation2003.pdf "Chemigation & Fertigation". (2003) 4 May 2009.
Neilsen, Gerry, Kappel, Frank, Neilsen, Denise. "Fertigation Method Affects Performance of `Lapins' Sweet Cherry on Gisela 5 Rootstock". HortScience 2004 39: 1716–1721
NSW department of primary industries, "Horticultural fertigation". 2000.
Suhaimi, M. Yaseer; Mohammad, A.M.; Mahamud, S.; Khadzir, D. (July 18, 2012). "Effects of substrates on growth and yield of ginger cultivated using soilless culture", Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute 40(2) pp. 159 - 168. (Selangor)
vte
Plant nutrition / Fertilizer
Categories: Agricultural terminology Fertilizers Irrigation Lawncare Plant nutrition
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch
A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil. Reasons for applying mulch include conservation of soil moisture, improving fertility and health of the soil, reducing wild plant growth and enhancing the visual appeal of the area.
A mulch is usually, but not exclusively, organic in nature. It may be permanent (e.g. plastic sheeting) or temporary (e.g. bark chips). It may be applied to bare soil or around existing plants. Mulches of manure or compost will be incorporated naturally into the soil by the activity of worms and other organisms. The process is used both in commercial crop production and in gardening, and when applied correctly, can dramatically improve soil productivity.[1]
Contents
Uses
Many materials are used as mulches, which are used to retain soil moisture, regulate soil temperature, suppress wild plant growth, and for aesthetics.[2] They are applied to the soil surface,[3] around trees, paths, flower beds, to prevent soil erosion on slopes, and in production areas for flower and vegetable crops. Mulch layers are normally 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more deep when applied.[4][5]
They are applied at various times of the year depending on the purpose. Towards the beginning of the growing season, mulches serve initially to warm the soil by helping it retain heat which is lost during the night. This allows early seeding and transplanting of certain crops, and encourages faster growth. As the season progresses, mulch stabilizes the soil temperature and moisture, and prevents the growing of wild plants from seeds.[6] In temperate climates, the effect of mulch is dependent upon the time of year they are applied and when applied in fall and winter, are used to delay the growth of perennial plants in the spring or prevent growth in winter during warm spells, which limits freeze thaw damage.[7]
The effect of mulch upon soil moisture content is complex. Mulch forms a layer between the soil and the atmosphere preventing sunlight from reaching the soil surface, thus reducing evaporation. However, mulch can also prevent water from reaching the soil by absorbing or blocking water from light rains.
In order to maximise the benefits of mulch, while minimizing its negative influences, it is often applied in late spring/early summer when soil temperatures have risen sufficiently, but soil moisture content is still relatively high.[8] However, permanent mulch is also widely used and valued for its simplicity, as popularized by author Ruth Stout, who said, "My way is simply to keep a thick mulch of any vegetable matter that rots on both sides of my vegetable and flower garden all year long. As it decays and enriches the soils, I add more."[9]
Plastic mulch used in large-scale commercial production is laid down with a tractor-drawn or standalone layer of plastic mulch. This is usually part of a sophisticated mechanical process, where raised beds are formed, plastic is rolled out on top, and seedlings are transplanted through it. Drip irrigation is often required, with drip tape laid under the plastic, as plastic mulch is impermeable to water.
Materials
Rubber mulch nuggets in a playground. The white fibers are nylon cords, which are present in the tires from which the mulch is made.
Shredded wood used as mulch. This type of mulch is often dyed to improve its appearance in the landscape.
Pine needles used as mulch. Also called "pinestraw" in the southern US.
Aged Compost mulch on a flower bed
Crushed stone mulch
Spring daffodils push through shredded wood mulch
Materials used as mulches vary and depend on a number of factors. Use takes into consideration availability, cost, appearance, the effect it has on the soil—including chemical reactions and pH, durability, combustibility, rate of decomposition, how clean it is—some can contain wild plant seeds or plant pathogens.[6]
A variety of materials are used as mulch:
Organic residues: grass clippings, leaves, hay, straw, kitchen scraps comfrey, shredded bark, whole bark nuggets, sawdust, shells, woodchips, shredded newspaper, cardboard, wool, animal manure, etc. Many of these materials also act as a direct composting system, such as the mulched clippings of a mulching lawn mower, or other organics applied as sheet composting.
Compost: fully composted materials are used to avoid possible phytotoxicity problems. Materials that are free of seeds are ideally used, to prevent wild plants being introduced by the mulch.
Old carpet (synthetic or natural): makes a free, readily available mulch.[10]
Rubber mulch: made from recycled tire rubber.
Plastic mulch: crops grow through slits or holes in thin plastic sheeting. This method is predominant in large-scale vegetable growing, with millions of acres cultivated under plastic mulch worldwide each year (disposal of plastic mulch is cited as an environmental problem).
Rock and gravel can also be used as a mulch. In cooler climates the heat retained by rocks may extend the growing season.
In some areas of the United States, such as central Pennsylvania and northern California, mulch is often referred to as "tanbark", even by manufacturers and distributors. In these areas, the word "mulch" is used specifically to refer to very fine tanbark or peat moss.
Organic mulches
mulching_coconut farm
Organic mulches decay over time and are temporary. The way a particular organic mulch decomposes and reacts to wetting by rain and dew affects its usefulness.
Some mulches such as straw, peat, sawdust and other wood products may for a while negatively affect plant growth because of their wide carbon to nitrogen ratio,[11] because bacteria and fungi that decompose the materials remove nitrogen from the surrounding soil for growth.[12][13] However, whether this effect has any practical impact on gardens is disputed by researchers and the experience of gardeners.[14] Organic mulches can mat down, forming a barrier that blocks water and air flow between the soil and the atmosphere. Vertically applied organic mulches can wick water from the soil to the surface, which can dry out the soil.[15] Mulch made with wood can contain or feed termites, so care must be taken about not placing mulch too close to houses or building that can be damaged by those insects. Some mulch manufacturers recommend putting mulch several inches away from buildings.
Commonly available organic mulches include:[6]
Leaves
Leaves from deciduous trees, which drop their foliage in the autumn/fall. They tend to be dry and blow around in the wind, so are often chopped or shredded before application. As they decompose they adhere to each other but also allow water and moisture to seep down to the soil surface. Thick layers of entire leaves, especially of maples and oaks, can form a soggy mat in winter and spring which can impede the new growth lawn grass and other plants. Dry leaves are used as winter mulches to protect plants from freezing and thawing in areas with cold winters; they are normally removed during spring.
Grass clippings
Grass clippings, from mowed lawns are sometimes collected and used elsewhere as mulch. Grass clippings are dense and tend to mat down, so are mixed with tree leaves or rough compost to provide aeration and to facilitate their decomposition without smelly putrefaction. Rotting fresh grass clippings can damage plants; their rotting often produces a damaging buildup of trapped heat. Grass clippings are often dried thoroughly before application, which mediates against rapid decomposition and excessive heat generation. Fresh green grass clippings are relatively high in nitrate content, and when used as a mulch, much of the nitrate is returned to the soil, conversely the routine removal of grass clippings from the lawn results in nitrogen deficiency for the lawn.
Peat moss
Peat moss, or sphagnum peat, is long lasting and packaged, making it convenient and popular as a mulch. When wetted and dried, it can form a dense crust that does not allow water to soak in. When dry it can also burn, producing a smoldering fire. It is sometimes mixed with pine needles to produce a mulch that is friable. It can also lower the pH of the soil surface, making it useful as a mulch under acid loving plants.
However peat bogs are a valuable wildlife habitat, and peat is also one of the largest stores of carbon (in Britain, out of a total estimated 9952 million tonnes of carbon in British vegetation and soils, 6948 million tonnes carbon are estimated to be in Scottish, mostly peatland, soils[16]), so gardeners who wish to protect the environment will choose more sustainable alternatives.[17]
Arborist Wood Chips
Wood chips are a byproduct of the pruning of trees by arborists, utilities and parks; they are used to dispose of bulky waste. Tree branches and large stems are rather coarse after chipping and tend to be used as a mulch at least three inches thick. The chips are used to conserve soil moisture, moderate soil temperature and suppress wild plant growth. The decay of freshly produced chips from recently living woody plants, consumes nitrate; this is often off set with a light application of a high-nitrate fertilizer. Wood chips are most often used under trees and shrubs. When used around soft stemmed plants, an unmulched zone is left around the plant stems to prevent stem rot or other possible diseases. They are often used to mulch trails, because they are readily produced with little additional cost outside of the normal disposal cost of tree maintenance. Wood chips come in various colors.
Woodchip mulch
Woodchip mulch is a byproduct of reprocessing used (untreated) timber (usually packaging pallets), to dispose of wood waste by creating woodchip mulch. The chips are used to conserve soil moisture, moderate soil temperature and suppress wild plant growth. Woodchip mulch is often used under trees, shrubs or large planting areas and can last much longer than arborist mulch. In addition, many consider woodchip mulch to be visually appealing, as it comes in various colors. Woodchips can also be reprocessed into playground woodchip to be used as an impact-attenuating playground surfacing.
Bark chips
Bark chips
Bark chips of various grades are produced from the outer corky bark layer of timber trees. Sizes vary from thin shredded strands to large coarse blocks. The finer types are very attractive but have a large exposed surface area that leads to quicker decay. Layers two or three inches deep are usually used, bark is relativity inert and its decay does not demand soil nitrates. Bark chips are also available in various colors.
Straw mulch / field hay / salt hay
Permaculture garden with a fruit tree, herbs, flowers and vegetables mulched with hay
Straw mulch or field hay or salt hay are lightweight and normally sold in compressed bales. They have an unkempt look and are used in vegetable gardens and as a winter covering. They are biodegradable and neutral in pH. They have good moisture retention and wild plant controlling properties but also are more likely to be contaminated with wild plant seeds. Salt hay is less likely to have wild plant seeds than field hay. Straw mulch is also available in various colors.
Pine straw
The needles that drop from pine trees is termed pine straw. It is available in bales. Pine straw has an attractive look and is used in landscape and garden settings. On application pine needles tend to weave together, a characteristic that helps the mulch hold storm water on steeper slopes. This interlocking tendency combined with a resistance to floating gives it further advantages in maintaining cover and preventing soil erosion. The interlocking tendency also helps keep the mulch structure from collapsing and forming a barrier to infiltration.[18] Pine straw is reputed to create ideal conditions for acid-loving plants. Pine straw may help to acidify soils but studies indicate this effect is often too small to be measurable. [19]
Cardboard / newspaper
Cardboard or newspaper can be used as mulches. These are best used as a base layer upon which a heavier mulch such as compost is placed to prevent the lighter cardboard/newspaper layer from blowing away. By incorporating a layer of cardboard/newspaper into a mulch, the quantity of heavier mulch can be reduced, whilst improving the wild plant suppressant and moisture retaining properties of the mulch.[8] However, additional labour is expended when planting through a mulch containing a cardboard/newspaper layer, as holes must be cut for each plant. Sowing seed through mulches containing a cardboard/newspaper layer is impractical. Application of newspaper mulch in windy weather can be facilitated by briefly pre-soaking the newspaper in water to increase its weight.
Carpet
Synthetic carpet that is composed of artificial fibers may be removed after planting to prevent fibers taking a long time to decompose, whereas carpet made from natural fibers may be kept in place, blocking competition from wild plants. Rain is absorbed by carpet and then slowly released into the soil, reducing watering needs.[10]
Colored mulch
Some organic mulches are colored red, brown, black, and other colors. Isopropanolamine, specifically 1-Amino-2-propanol or DOW™ monoisopropanolamine, may be used as a pigment dispersant and color fastener in these mulches.[20][21][22][23] Types of mulch which can be dyed include: wood chips, bark chips (barkdust) and pine straw. Colored mulch is made by dyeing the mulch in a water-based solution of colorant and chemical binder. When colored mulch first entered the market, most formulas were suspected to contain toxic, heavy metals and other contaminates. Today, “current investigations indicate that mulch colorants pose no threat to people, pets or the environment. The dyes currently used by the mulch and soil industry are similar to those used in the cosmetic and other manufacturing industries (i.e., iron oxide),” as stated by the Mulch and Soil Council.[24] Colored mulch can be applied anywhere non-colored mulch is used (such as large bedded areas or around plants) and features many of the same gardening benefits as traditional mulch, such as improving soil productivity and retaining moisture.[25] As mulch decomposes, just as with non-colored mulch, more mulch may need to be added to continue providing benefits to the soil and plants. However, if mulch is faded, spraying dye to previously spread mulch in order to restore color is an option.[26]
Anaerobic (sour) mulch
Mulch normally smells like freshly cut wood, but sometimes develops a toxicity that causes it to smell like vinegar, ammonia, sulfur or silage. This happens when material with ample nitrogen content is not rotated often enough and it forms pockets of increased decomposition. When this occurs, the process may become anaerobic and produce these phytotoxic materials in small quantities. Once exposed to the air, the process quickly reverts to an aerobic process, but these toxic materials may be present for a period of time. If the mulch is placed around plants before the toxicity has had a chance to dissipate, then the plants could very likely be damaged or killed depending on their hardiness. Plants that are predominantly low to the ground or freshly planted are the most susceptible, and the phytotoxicity may prevent germination of some seeds.[27]
If sour mulch is applied and there is plant kill, the best thing to do is to water the mulch heavily. Water dissipates the chemicals faster and refreshes the plants. Removing the offending mulch may have little effect, because by the time plant kill is noticed, most of the toxicity is already dissipated. While testing after plant kill will not likely turn up anything, a simple pH check may reveal high acidity, in the range of 3.8 to 5.6 instead of the normal range of 6.0 to 7.2. Finally, placing a bit of the offending mulch around another plant to check for plant kill will verify if the toxicity has departed. If the new plant is also killed, then sour mulch is probably not the problem.
Groundcovers (living mulches)
Main articles: Groundcovers and Living mulch
Groundcovers are plants which grow close to the ground, under the main crop, to slow the development of wild plants and provide other benefits of mulch. They are usually fast-growing plants that continue growing with the main crops. By contrast, cover crops are incorporated into the soil or killed with herbicides. However, live mulches also may need to be mechanically or chemically killed eventually to prevent competition with the main crop.[28]
Some groundcovers can perform additional roles in the garden such as nitrogen fixation in the case of clovers, dynamic accumulation of nutrients from the subsoil in the case of creeping comfrey (Symphytum ibericum), and even food production in the case of Rubus tricolor.[29]
On-site production
Owing to the great bulk of mulch which is often required on a site, it is often impractical and expensive to source and import sufficient mulch materials. An alternative to importing mulch materials is to grow them on site in a "mulch garden" – an area of the site dedicated entirely to the production of mulch which is then transferred to the growing area.[29] Mulch gardens should be sited as close as possible to the growing area so as to facilitate transfer of mulch materials.[29]
Mulching (composting) over unwanted plants
Main article: Sheet mulching
Sufficient mulch over plants will destroy them, and may be more advantageous than using herbicide, cutting, mowing, pulling, raking, or tilling. The higher the temperature that this "mulch" is composted, the quicker the reduction of undesirable materials. "Undesirable materials" may include living seed, plant "trash", as well as pathogens such as from animal feces, urine (e.g. hantavirus), fleas, lice, ticks, etc.
In some ways this improves the soil by attracting and feeding earthworms, and adding humus. Earthworms "till" the soil, and their feces are among the best fertilizers and soil conditioners.
Urine may be toxic to plants if applied to growing areas undiluted. See Compost ingredients: Human Waste.
Polypropylene and polyethylene mulch
Polypropylene mulch is made up of polypropylene polymers where polyethylene mulch is made up of polyethylene polymers. These mulches are commonly used in many plastics. Polyethylene is used mainly for wild plant reduction, where polypropylene is used mainly on perennials.[30] This mulch is placed on top of the soil and can be done by machine or hand with pegs to keep the mulch tight against the soil. This mulch can prevent soil erosion, reduce wild planting, conserve soil moisture, and increase temperature of the soil.[31] Ultimately this can reduce the amount of work a farmer may have to do, and the amount of herbicides applied during the growing period. The black and clear mulches capture sunlight and warm the soil increasing the growth rate. White and other reflective colours will also warm the soil, but they do not suppress wild plants as well.[31] This mulch may require other sources of obtaining water such as drip irrigation since it can reduce the amount of water that reaches the soil.[31] This mulch needs to be manually removed at the end of the season since when it starts to break down it breaks down into smaller pieces.[32] If the mulch is not removed before it starts to break down eventually it will break down into ketones and aldehydes polluting the soil.[32] This mulch is technically biodegradable but does not break down into the same materials the more natural biodegradable mulch does.
Biodegradable mulch
Quality biodegradable mulches are made out of plant starches and sugars or polyester fibers. These starches can come from plants such as wheat and corn.[33] These mulch films may be a bit more permeable allowing more water into the soil. This mulch can prevent soil erosion, reduce wild planting, conserve soil moisture, and increase temperature of the soil.[31] Ultimately this can reduce the amount of herbicides used and manual labor farmers may have to do throughout the growing season. At the end of the season these mulches will start to break down from heat. Microorganisms in the soil break down the mulch into two components, water and CO2, leaving no toxic residues behind.[33] This source of mulch is even less manual labor since it does not need to be removed at the end of the season and can actually be tilled into the soil.[33] With this mulch it is important to take into consideration that it's much more delicate than other kinds. It should be placed on a day which is not too hot and with less tension than other synthetic mulches.[33] These also can be placed by machine or hand but it is ideal to have a more starchy mulch that will allow it to stick to the soil better.
See also
icon Gardening portal
Forestry mulching
Good Agricultural Practices
Rubber mulch
Plasticulture
Integrated pest management
Living mulch
Mulching machine
References
RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
Alfred J. Turgeon; Lambert Blanchard McCarty; Nick Edward Christians (2009). wild plant control in turf and ornamentals. Prentice Hall. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-13-159122-6.
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya; Robert E. Blackshaw (2007). Non-chemical wild plant Management: Principles, Concepts and Technology. CABI. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-1-84593-291-6.
Vegetable Gardening: Growing and Harvesting Vegetables. Murdoch Books. 2004. pp. 110–. ISBN 978-1-74045-519-0.
Dennis R. Pittenger (2002). California Master Gardener Handbook. UCANR Publications. pp. 567–. ISBN 978-1-879906-54-9.
Louise; Bush-Brown, James (1996). America's garden book. New York: Macmillan USA. p. 768. ISBN 0-02-860995-6{{inconsistent citations}}
Leon C. Snyder (2000). Gardening in the Upper Midwest. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-0-8166-3838-3.
Patrick Whitefield, 2004, The Earth Care Manual, Permanent Publications, ISBN 978-1-85623-021-6
Stout, Ruth. Gardening Without Work. Devon-Adair Press, 1961. Reprinted by Norton Creek Press, 2011, pp. 6-7. ISBN 978-0-9819284-6-3
Galloway, David. "Get Your New Garden Ready for Spring with Old Carpet". Lifehacker. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
http://www.eau.ee/~agronomy/vol07Spec1/p7sI53.pdf[permanent dead link]
http://joa.isa-arbor.com/request.asp?JournalID=1&ArticleID=3111&Type=2
Jeff Gillman (1 February 2008). The Truth About Organic Gardening: Benefits, Drawnbacks, and the Bottom Line. Timber Press. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-1-60469-005-7.
Stout, Ruth. Gardening Without Work. Devon-Adair Press, 1961. Reprinted by Norton Creek Press, 2011, pp. 192-193. ISBN 978-0-9819284-6-3
David A. Bainbridge (11 June 2007). A Guide for Desert and Dryland Restoration: New Hope for Arid Lands. Island Press. pp. 239–. ISBN 978-1-61091-082-8.
Milne, R.; T. A. Brown (1997). "Carbon in the vegetation and soils of Great Britain". Journal of Environmental Management. 49: 413–433. doi:10.1006/jema.1995.0118.
Walker, John (2011). How to Create an Eco Garden: The practical guide to greener, planet-friendly gardening. Wigston, Leicestershire: Aquamarine. p. 33. ISBN 9781903141892.
Taylor, Eric L.; Foster, Darwin. "Pine Straw as a Ground Cover Mulch". Texas A&M. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
"Tips On Using Pine Straw For Garden Mulch". 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
"Product Information - DOW™ Monoisopropanolamine (MIPA)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Product Safety Assessment - DOW™ Monoisopropanolamine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Mulch_Magic_Red.pdf". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Agriculture" (PDF). Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2013-07-15.
"Indiana Yard and Garden – Purdue Consumer Horticulture - Purdue University". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Is There a Spray You Can Use to Renew Your Mulch Color?". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Beware of Sour Mulch". Archived from the original on 31 March 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Brandsaeter et al. 1998, Tharp and Kells, 2001
Jacke and Toensmeier, Edible Forest Gardening, vol. II
Dovorak, P. "BLACK POLYPROPYLENE MULCH TEXTILE IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE" (PDF). Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká. 52. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Shonbeck, Dr. Mark (12 September 2012). "Synthetic Mulching Materials for wild plant Management". Extension. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Corbin, A (2013). "Using Biodegradable Plastics as Agricultural Mulches" (PDF). Retrieved 16 November 2014.
"Biodegradable Mulch Demonstrations". Penn State Extension. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
External links
Look up mulch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mulch.
Mulching Trees & Shrubs
vte
Permaculture
List of projects
Sciences
AgroecologyEcosynthesisMycoforestryPermaforestryPolycultureSynergistic gardening
Techniques
Companion planting Forest gardening Grassed waterway Holzer Permaculture Intercropping Keyline design Raised-bed gardening Sheet mulching Vegan organic gardening Waru Waru
Components
Composting toilet Folkewall Leaf mold Mulch Spent mushroom compost Three Sisters (agriculture)Tree bog
Organizations
Beacon Food Forest Centre for Alternative Technology Permaculture Association Permaculture Action Network Permaculture College Australia Permaculture Institute of El Salvador Permanent Publications Plants for a Future Pomona College Organic Farm
Permaculturalists
People in permaculture Bill Mollison Brad Lancaster David Blume David Holmgren Geoff LawtonIanto Evans Patrick Whitefield Paul Stamets Paul Wheaton Robyn FrancisRuth StoutSepp Holzer
Category Category Commons page Commons Wiktionary page Wiktionary
Categories: Sustainable gardening Composting Organic gardening Permaculture Soil improvers Water conservation
Net Slide Clip FJ-402
DEAR DEER Shade Net Slide Clip for fixing shade net between combined press fastener and hanging on wire to slide for opening up or folding
DEAR DEER Shade Net Slide Clip fix shade net between 2 pieces of combined press fastener and hang the shade net on wire to slide for opening up or folding.
Seed Sowing Device FS-101
Seed sowing device direct sow seeds for tractor or manual seeding, a vegetable seeder reduce to thin clusters crop
SEED SOWING DEVICE
Application for direct sow seeds
This seed sowing device is suitable for sowing small seed of crops that require thin the clusters crops such as spinach, radish, carrot, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and the sunflower for ornamental cut flowers, etc. It dispenses seeds via a seeding disc.
In addition to seeding discs with regular dispensing holes, there is a spare seeding disc without dispensing hole for self-processing to suit other seed size and spacing.
Due to the straight line sowing, the row spacing is regular, which is conducive to field management operations such as fertilization and wild planting.
Characteristic
1. There is a 25mm x 25mm square link buckle in front of the device for easily locking at a square connecting steel rod pipe, which link at the tractors, cultivators or manual propulsion equipment for manual seeding.
2. Easy to add or reduce seeding rows. Quickly assemble and disassemble.
3. Lightweight for easy working, improve work efficiency.
4. Eliminate the parts of not necessary, concise structure of device make cost reasonable. This is an easy vegetable seeder
5. Save seeding work and reduce seed costs. Reduce the thinning operation of clusters crop.
6. It is very easy to operate with this device and can be operated without special training.
Structure of seed sowing device
The seed sowing device is mainly constructed with a square link buckle portion, a seeding and land wheel portion, and a seed drop portion.
1. The square link buckle is in front of the seed sowing device. It is used to be locked to a 25mm x 25mm square connecting steel rod pipe. The square connecting steel rod pipe can be connected and fixed to the pulling equipment, such as tractors, cultivators or even manpower device.
2. The seeding and land wheel portion includes a seed box, a seeding case, a seeding disc, a barrier brush and a land wheel.
a. The seed box is placed above the seed sowing device to load the seeds. It includes two parts: the seed box body and the lid.
b. The seeding case is under the seed box, includes the seeding case body and the cover. To be used to place a seeding disc.
c. The seeding disc is located in the center of the seeding case. At its outer edge has some concave seed dispensing holes. There are three seeding discs with regular holes for radish, leeks and spinach.
In addition, there is a spare seeding disc without seed dispensing hole. This spare seeding disc is for self-processing concave holes to meet the needs of various vegetable seeds.
Seeding disc is changeable for different sizes of seeds with different drop distance.
d. The barrier brush is located at the upper going edge of the seeding case to remove excess seeds.
e. The center of the seeding case has a drive shaft that runs vertically through the seeding case. A section of drive shaft out of seeding case is used to install a plastic land wheel.
3. The seed drop portion contains a ditching duct and a soil covering plate. The ditching duct can be adjusted according to the ditch depth for seeding. The soil covering plate is used to cover the soil on the seeds that fall on the ground.
How the seed sowing device working
The seed sowing device pulled by power, then the land wheel turn forward. Seeds are down from the seed box to the seeding disc with certain volume in certain distance, finally the seeds down into the soil via the ditch duct below. The delivery of the seeds utilizes its own weight.
When falling into the seed dispensing holes of the seeding disc, the seeding disc is turned forward in a counterclockwise direction. The inside of the seeding case has a concave guide groove above the outer edge. The seeds to be broadcast will enter here. Before entering, due to the blocking of barrier brush, the extra seeds in the seeding disc hole will be swept out. The seed dispensing holes set the distance and volume to drop the seeds.
The rotation of the seeding disc is driven by the coaxial land wheel. When in contact with the soil, land wheel drives the drive shaft and rotates the seed disc.
The seeds are introduced into the ditching duct and then fall into the ditch, which is then covered with soil by soil covering plate. In this way, ditching, sowing, and covering soil have been completed the same time.
The circumference of land wheel is around 100 cm so the dispensing distance of seeding disc is around 100 cm a turning circle. The dispensing distance of each hole is divided by the quantity of hole.
Seed sowing device operation steps:
1. The soil in the sowing bed should be loosed first.
When deciding the type of vegetable, select the seeding disc depend on the volume and distance of dispensing holes.
After selecting the appropriate seeding disc, open the cover of seeding case and place the seeding disc in the seeding case. Then adjust the gap between brush and seeding disc, and adjust the sowing depth of ditching duct.
2. Place the seeds in the seed box.
3. For seeding seeds, if we need to cover the soil, the ditching duct and soil covering plate below the seeding case must be installed. We can adjust the ditching duct and soil covering plate as the depth needed.
If the seeds do not need to be covered, the ditching duct and soil covering plate can be removed.
4. Before starting the seeding operation, rotate the land wheel goes forward for a half turn first. After confirm the seed is dropped to the ditching duct, the seeding operation can be started.
In this way, the initial 30 cm sowing missing can be avoided.
5. During operation, pay attention to whether the land wheel rotates normally. That can avoid the intermittent seeding.
Application for direct sow seeds
This seed sowing device is suitable for sowing small seed of crops that require thin the clusters crops such as spinach, radish, carrot, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and the sunflower for ornamental cut flowers, etc. It dispenses seeds via a seeding disc.
In addition to seeding discs with regular dispensing holes, there is a spare seeding disc without dispensing hole for self-processing to suit other seed size and spacing.
Due to the straight line sowing, the row spacing is regular, which is conducive to field management operations such as fertilization and wild planting.
Characteristic
1. There is a 25mm x 25mm square link buckle in front of the device for easily locking at a square connecting steel rod pipe, which link at the tractors, cultivators or manual propulsion equipment for manual seeding.
2. Easy to add or reduce seeding rows. Quickly assemble and disassemble.
3. Lightweight for easy working, improve work efficiency.
4. Eliminate the parts of not necessary, concise structure of device make cost reasonable. This is an easy vegetable seeder
5. Save seeding work and reduce seed costs. Reduce the thinning operation of clusters crop.
6. It is very easy to operate with this device and can be operated without special training.
Structure of seed sowing device
The seed sowing device is mainly constructed with a square link buckle portion, a seeding and land wheel portion, and a seed drop portion.
1. The square link buckle is in front of the seed sowing device. It is used to be locked to a 25mm x 25mm square connecting steel rod pipe. The square connecting steel rod pipe can be connected and fixed to the pulling equipment, such as tractors, cultivators or even manpower device.
2. The seeding and land wheel portion includes a seed box, a seeding case, a seeding disc, a barrier brush and a land wheel.
a. The seed box is placed above the seed sowing device to load the seeds. It includes two parts: the seed box body and the lid.
b. The seeding case is under the seed box, includes the seeding case body and the cover. To be used to place a seeding disc.
c. The seeding disc is located in the center of the seeding case. At its outer edge has some concave seed dispensing holes. There are three seeding discs with regular holes for radish, leeks and spinach.
In addition, there is a spare seeding disc without seed dispensing hole. This spare seeding disc is for self-processing concave holes to meet the needs of various vegetable seeds.
Seeding disc is changeable for different sizes of seeds with different drop distance.
d. The barrier brush is located at the upper going edge of the seeding case to remove excess seeds.
e. The center of the seeding case has a drive shaft that runs vertically through the seeding case. A section of drive shaft out of seeding case is used to install a plastic land wheel.
3. The seed drop portion contains a ditching duct and a soil covering plate. The ditching duct can be adjusted according to the ditch depth for seeding. The soil covering plate is used to cover the soil on the seeds that fall on the ground.
How the seed sowing device working
The seed sowing device pulled by power, then the land wheel turn forward. Seeds are down from the seed box to the seeding disc with certain volume in certain distance, finally the seeds down into the soil via the ditch duct below. The delivery of the seeds utilizes its own weight.
When falling into the seed dispensing holes of the seeding disc, the seeding disc is turned forward in a counterclockwise direction. The inside of the seeding case has a concave guide groove above the outer edge. The seeds to be broadcast will enter here. Before entering, due to the blocking of barrier brush, the extra seeds in the seeding disc hole will be swept out. The seed dispensing holes set the distance and volume to drop the seeds.
The rotation of the seeding disc is driven by the coaxial land wheel. When in contact with the soil, land wheel drives the drive shaft and rotates the seed disc.
The seeds are introduced into the ditching duct and then fall into the ditch, which is then covered with soil by soil covering plate. In this way, ditching, sowing, and covering soil have been completed the same time.
The circumference of land wheel is around 100 cm so the dispensing distance of seeding disc is around 100 cm a turning circle. The dispensing distance of each hole is divided by the quantity of hole.
Seed sowing device operation steps:
1. The soil in the sowing bed should be loosed first.
When deciding the type of vegetable, select the seeding disc depend on the volume and distance of dispensing holes.
After selecting the appropriate seeding disc, open the cover of seeding case and place the seeding disc in the seeding case. Then adjust the gap between brush and seeding disc, and adjust the sowing depth of ditching duct.
2. Place the seeds in the seed box.
3. For seeding seeds, if we need to cover the soil, the ditching duct and soil covering plate below the seeding case must be installed. We can adjust the ditching duct and soil covering plate as the depth needed.
If the seeds do not need to be covered, the ditching duct and soil covering plate can be removed.
4. Before starting the seeding operation, rotate the land wheel goes forward for a half turn first. After confirm the seed is dropped to the ditching duct, the seeding operation can be started.
In this way, the initial 30 cm sowing missing can be avoided.
5. During operation, pay attention to whether the land wheel rotates normally. That can avoid the intermittent seeding.
Seedling Tray FJ-100
Seedling Tray with different sizes cells and quantity for various crop nursery from seed growing to seedling for transplanting
Plastic seedling tray has different sizes cells and quantity for various crop nursery from seed growing to seedling for transplanting
Short Pesticide Hand Sprayer FJ-611
Short hand sprayer 20 cm made from stainless steel for excellent pesticide spread between trees
DEAR DEER High Pressure, High Atomization Pesticide Trigger Short Hand prayer for tree fruits protection spraying
To the pesticide sprayer, as everybody knows, the higher pressure makes much finer fog and has longer distance spray. The much finer spraying makes the high efficient disinfect and saves more pesticide. DERA DEER trigger hand sprayer is made to be easily used for high pressure spray between dense branches of fruit tree in orchard.
1. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger hand sprayer has 2 types. Both are excellent tool for plant protection.
a. Type FJ-601: 30cm pesticide trigger hand sprayer, made of strong high pressure stainless steel.
b. FJ-611 20cm pesticide trigger spray short hand sprayer, all made of strong high pressure stainless steel too.
Both types can be moved flexibly between tree branches and are easy to operate. Because it can withstand high operating pressure, the pesticide can achieve high atomization. They are the pesticide hand sprayers that very suitable for fruit trees protection spraying.
2. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger spray hand sprayers are made in Taiwan. They have high-strength structure, specially designed for high-pressure spray. It is durable. The hand sprayer material is corrosion-resistant and has a long service life. When the pressure is around 30 bar, the spray can reach around 8 meters. Please note that the maximum operating pressure cannot exceed 50 bar
3. The high-pressure spray causes very fine water particles to float around the trees, easily attached to the back of the leaves, and has no blind spot. Efficient dissemination saves the amount of pesticides and the labor time cost of spraying.
4. The sprayed pesticide can be adjusted spray range to disperse or concentrate. After pulling the adjustment trigger of the spray hand sprayer to get the desired diffusion angle, turn the set ring to set the adjustment trigger of the hand sprayer. You can remove your finger from the hand sprayer's adjustment trigger and easily let the nozzle spray at a set diffusion angle.
5. Other types of nozzles can be selected according to different spray requirements.
6. Due to the good floating effect of fine water particles, when using this high pressure, high atomization pesticide hand sprayer, be sure to wear a pesticide spray protection device to avoid being hurt by pesticides.
7. To match the high pressure we have super high pressure spray hoses too.
This high-pressure, high-atomization spray pesticide hand sprayer is a hot-selling product exported from us. Popularly welcome by farmers and related industry.
To the pesticide sprayer, as everybody knows, the higher pressure makes much finer fog and has longer distance spray. The much finer spraying makes the high efficient disinfect and saves more pesticide. DERA DEER trigger hand sprayer is made to be easily used for high pressure spray between dense branches of fruit tree in orchard.
1. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger hand sprayer has 2 types. Both are excellent tool for plant protection.
a. Type FJ-601: 30cm pesticide trigger hand sprayer, made of strong high pressure stainless steel.
b. FJ-611 20cm pesticide trigger spray short hand sprayer, all made of strong high pressure stainless steel too.
Both types can be moved flexibly between tree branches and are easy to operate. Because it can withstand high operating pressure, the pesticide can achieve high atomization. They are the pesticide hand sprayers that very suitable for fruit trees protection spraying.
2. DEAR DEER High pressure, high atomization pesticide trigger spray hand sprayers are made in Taiwan. They have high-strength structure, specially designed for high-pressure spray. It is durable. The hand sprayer material is corrosion-resistant and has a long service life. When the pressure is around 30 bar, the spray can reach around 8 meters. Please note that the maximum operating pressure cannot exceed 50 bar
3. The high-pressure spray causes very fine water particles to float around the trees, easily attached to the back of the leaves, and has no blind spot. Efficient dissemination saves the amount of pesticides and the labor time cost of spraying.
4. The sprayed pesticide can be adjusted spray range to disperse or concentrate. After pulling the adjustment trigger of the spray hand sprayer to get the desired diffusion angle, turn the set ring to set the adjustment trigger of the hand sprayer. You can remove your finger from the hand sprayer's adjustment trigger and easily let the nozzle spray at a set diffusion angle.
5. Other types of nozzles can be selected according to different spray requirements.
6. Due to the good floating effect of fine water particles, when using this high pressure, high atomization pesticide hand sprayer, be sure to wear a pesticide spray protection device to avoid being hurt by pesticides.
7. To match the high pressure we have super high pressure spray hoses too.
This high-pressure, high-atomization spray pesticide hand sprayer is a hot-selling product exported from us. Popularly welcome by farmers and related industry.
Twinkling Tape FJ-200
Frighten Bird Twinkling Tape for birds prevention
Our company offers Agriculture Implements such as Twinkling Tape used for driving away bird
,plastic nail hook (used to fix the net for plants climbing), Plastic Fence and Pesticides Hand Sprayer, all with superior quality.
The tape with one side twinkling red another side twinkling silver, to fright birds when hanging tape moved and twinkle.
,plastic nail hook (used to fix the net for plants climbing), Plastic Fence and Pesticides Hand Sprayer, all with superior quality.
The tape with one side twinkling red another side twinkling silver, to fright birds when hanging tape moved and twinkle.
An Jarl Enterprise Co., Ltd encourages customers to contact us about feedback, comments, and questions. We promise that we will reply to you as soon as possible. All our Other Agricultural Implements, FJ series, seedling tray, mesh gardening and fencing net, high pressure hand sprayer, seed sowing device etc. is developed by a creative team of professionals as per contemporary market trends. With our expertise, we have been offering quality Other Agricultural Implements, FJ series, seedling tray, mesh gardening and fencing net, high pressure hand sprayer, seed sowing device etc. renowned for premium features at competitive prices. If you are unable to find Other Agricultural Implements, FJ series, seedling tray, mesh gardening and fencing net, high pressure hand sprayer, seed sowing device etc. you desire let us know, and we will endeavor to satisfy your requirements within the shortest possible timescale.